ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2012
Pharmacokinetic optimization of antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adherence and HIV Protection Thresholds for Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Preexposure Prophylaxis among Cisgender Women: A Systematic Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Pooled it
- Emerging evidence from a systematic review of safety of pre-exposure prophylaxis for pregnant and postpartum women: where are we now and where are we heading?Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Pooled it
- The association between HIV (treatment), pregnancy serum lipid concentrations and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Pooled it
- Safety and pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir in pregnant mothers with HIV infection and their neonates: A randomised trial (DolPHIN-1 study).PLoS medicine · 2019Trial
- Impact of body weight and missed doses on lopinavir concentrations with standard and increased lopinavir/ritonavir doses during late pregnancy.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2015Trial
- Responding to the Call to Action: Framework to Accelerate Clinical Data Generation for Antiretroviral Use in Pregnant Individuals with HIV.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Challenges, risks, and opportunities of antiretroviral drugs in women of reproductive potential.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2024Review
- Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy: A 2023 Review of the Literature.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Brief Report: Dolutegravir Plasma Protein Binding and Unbound Concentrations During Pregnancy and Postpartum.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2023Article
- Relationship between raltegravir trough plasma concentration and virologic response and the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring during pregnancy.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2023Article
- Characterization of Plasma Protein Alterations in Pregnant and Postpartum Individuals Living With HIV to Support Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model Development.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Prediction of the exposure to a 400-mg daily dose of efavirenz in pregnancy: is this dose adequate in extensive metabolisers of CYP2B6?European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Article
- Tenofovir and tenofovir-diphosphate concentrations during pregnancy among HIV-uninfected women using oral preexposure prophylaxis.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Article
- Evaluation of universal versus genotype-guided efavirenz dose reduction in pregnant women using population pharmacokinetic modelling.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Pharmacokinetics of tenofovir during pregnancy and postpartum.HIV medicine · 2015Article
- CYP3A4 polymorphism and lopinavir toxicity in an HIV-infected pregnant woman.Clinical drug investigation · 2015Article
- Basic obstetric pharmacology.Seminars in perinatology · 2014Review
- Unexpected vertical transmission of HIV infection.European journal of pediatrics · 2014Article
- Micronucleated erythrocytes in newborn rats exposed to raltegravir placental transfer.BioMed research international · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy suppresses replication of HIV allowing restoration and/or preservation of the immune system. Providing combination antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy can treat maternal HIV infection and/or reduce perinatal HIV transmission. However, providing treatment to pregnant women is challenging due to physiological changes that can alter antiretroviral pharmacokinetics. Suboptimal drug exposure can result in HIV RNA rebound, the selection of resistant virus or an increased risk of HIV-1 transmission to the infant. Increased drug exposure can produce unwarranted maternal adverse effects and/or fetal toxicity. Subsequently, dose adjustments may be necessary during pregnancy to achieve comparable antiretroviral exposure to non-pregnant adults. For several antiretrovirals, systemic exposure is decreased during the last trimester of pregnancy. By 6-12 weeks postpartum, concentrations return to those prior to pregnancy. Also, the extent of antiretroviral placental transfer to the fetus and degree of antiretroviral excretion into breast milk varies within, and between, antiretroviral drug classes. It is necessary to consider the pharmacological characteristics of each antiretroviral when optimizing combination therapy during pregnancy to treat maternal HIV infection and prevent perinatal HIV transmission.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.