ArticleNature protocols2012
Evaluation of bone regeneration using the rat critical size calvarial defect.
Article in Nature protocols, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 284 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
284 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Recent Advances of Pullulan and/or Dextran-Based Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering Strategies in Preclinical Studies: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Pooled it
- In-situ Damascus-patterning enables tunable surface electric fields for bioactive titanium implants.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Serum-induced recovery of proliferative capacity and differentiation potential in aged dental pulp stem cells.Stem cells translational medicine · 2026Article
- Boosting Sensory Nerve-to-Bone Interactions Enhances Hedgehog Mediated Calvarial Bone Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Comparative morphogenesis of mouse and rat mandibular first molars (M1): a review of developmental timing, structure, and signaling pathways.Anatomy & cell biology · 2026Review
- Enhanced Bone-Defect Regeneration Through nHA/Chitosan Nanocomposite-Facilitated Delivery of HUCB-MSCs-Derived Exosomes.Polymers · 2026Article
- Distinct healing dynamics associated with xenograft selection in guided bone regeneration.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Synchronizing degradation with regeneration: a model-driven framework for designing biodegradable biomaterials in bone tissue engineering.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Review
- Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Enhances Intramembranous Bone Healing in a Critical-Size Bone Defect of the Rat Calvaria.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Physicochemical, microstructural, and histological evaluation of hexagonal boron nitride-reinforced mineral trioxide aggregate in experimental rat tibial bone defects.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles combined with injectable hydrogels in bone defect repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Aligned electrospun porous P34HB/lecithin scaffold for bone tissue regeneration.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Regenerative Effect of Various Barrier Membranes With and Without Bone Grafting in Critical Size Defects in Rabbit Calvaria.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Article
- FeBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- NIR-responsive smart hydrogel incorporating LF-decorated nanosheets recalibrating the immune-vascular-osteogenic microenvironment for enhanced bone regeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Advancements in bone organoids: perspectives on construction methodologies and application strategies.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- The Scientific Case for Animal Models: A Perspective From Musculoskeletal Researchers.FASEB bioAdvances · 2026Article
- Machine learning for classification of periodontal defects (vertical versus horizontal) using CBCT datasets.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Engineered 3D mesenchymal stem cell aggregates with multifunctional prowess for bone regeneration: Current status and future prospects.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Assessment of Healing Potential of Alginate and Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Cranial Bone Defects in Experimental Model.BioMed research international · 2026Article
224 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Animal models that are reliably reproducible, appropriate analogs to the clinical condition they are used to investigate, and that offer minimal morbidity and periprocedural mortality to the subject, are the keystone to the preclinical development of translational technologies. For bone tissue engineering, a number of small animal models exist. Here we describe the protocol for one such model, the rat calvarial defect. This versatile model allows for evaluation of biomaterials and bone tissue engineering approaches within a reproducible, non-load-bearing orthotopic site. Crucial steps for ensuring appropriate experimental control and troubleshooting tips learned through extensive experience with this model are provided. The surgical procedure itself takes ∼30 min to complete, with ∼2 h of perioperative care, and tissue collection is generally performed 4-12 weeks postoperatively. Several analytical techniques are presented, which evaluate the cellular and extracellular matrix components, functionality and mineralization, including histological, mechanical and radiographic methods.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.