ArticleSports health2012
The female athlete triad.
Article in Sports health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Female trail running: a systematic scoping review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Hormonal Contraceptive Use on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy, Power and Strength Adaptations to Resistance Exercise Training: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Estrogen Replacement Improves Verbal Memory and Executive Control in Oligomenorrheic/Amenorrheic Athletes in a Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2017Trial
- Pediatric osteoporosis: a comprehensive imaging-based review of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and etiology.Skeletal radiology · 2026Review
- Relationship Between Phase Angle Assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Jumping Performance in Rhythmic Gymnasts: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Screening for eating disorders and low energy availability in female trail runners: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Sports injuries in the emergency department: an observational study with a gender perspective.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Musculoskeletal mimics of lumbosacral radiculopathy.Muscle & nerve · 2025Review
- Changes of Lower Limb Bone Mineral Density in Division I Female Athletes During an Athletic Season.Open access journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Gender Differences in the Incidence and Types of Sports Injuries Among Female Athletes: A Scoping Review.Journal of nursing management · 2025Article
- Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea in adolescent athletes impairs bone accrual and increases fracture risk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- The influence of perceived stress and motivation on telomere length among NCAA swimmers.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2024Article
- Effects of Education, Nutrition, and Psychology on Preventing the Female Athlete Triad.Cureus · 2024Review
- Clodronate disodium does not produce measurable effects on bone metabolism in an exercising, juvenile, large animal model.PloS one · 2024Article
- Gene-environment interaction in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- The Prevalence of Stress Fractures and the Associated LEAF-Q Responses, Self-Reported Exercise Volume and Dietary Behaviors in Female Recreational Runners.International journal of exercise science · 2024Article
- Menstrual cycle tracking in professional volleyball athletes.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Elevated IL-1β and Comparable IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Levels Are Characteristic Features of L-PRP in Female College Athletes Compared to Male Professional Soccer Players.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Characterization of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Plasma Derived from Female Collage Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study Focusing on Growth Factor, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Survey on the Awareness of Menstruation and Menstruation-Related Problems in Athletes among Public High School Physical Education Teachers.JMA journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextThe female athlete triad (the triad) is an interrelationship of menstrual dysfunction, low energy availability (with or without an eating disorder), and decreased bone mineral density; it is relatively common among young women participating in sports. Diagnosis and treatment of this potentially serious condition is complicated and often requires an interdisciplinary team. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Articles from 1981 to present found on PubMed were selected for review of major components of the female athlete triad as well as strategies for diagnosis and treatment of the conditions.
resultsThe main goal in treatment of young female athletes with the triad is a natural return of menses as well as enhancement of bone mineral density. While no specific drug intervention has been shown to consistently improve bone mineral density in this patient population, maximizing energy availability and optimizing vitamin D and calcium intake are recommended.
conclusionsTreatment requires a multidisciplinary approach involving health care professionals as well as coaches and family members. Prevention of this condition is important to minimize complications of the female athlete triad.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.