ArticleJournal of virology2012
Interferon-inducible protein Mx1 inhibits influenza virus by interfering with functional viral ribonucleoprotein complex assembly.
Article in Journal of virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 248 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of RNA-seq Data Identifies Involvement of Interferon-Induced Genes to Facilitate Blood-Brain Barrier Traversal of Neuroinvasive Pathogens.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of genome-wide pooled CRISPR screens to identify host factors involved in influenza A virus infection.Journal of virology · 2024Pooled it
- Rule-based meta-analysis reveals the major role of PB2 in influencing influenza A virus virulence in mice.BMC genomics · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
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- Innate immune activation profiles are associated with polarization of the T cell response to recombinant arenaviral vectors.Frontiers in systems biology · 2026Article
- Interferon signaling pathways in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Ubiquitin E3 ligase MARCH10 targets influenza hemagglutinin for ubiquitination.Cellular signalling · 2025Article
- Human MX1 orchestrates the cytoplasmic sequestration of neosynthesized influenza A virus vRNPs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- TET1 functions as a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma through epigenetic remodeling and immune modulation.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2025Article
- Proinflammatory transcriptomic and kinomic alterations in astrocytes derived from patients with familial Alzheimer's disease.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- A chromosome-level genome assembly of the Hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), a model for human pathogenic virus infections.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Diet composition affects bat viral shedding with potential consequences for pathogen spillover.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Conjugated STING agonists.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Postnatal epigenetic differences in calves following transient fetal infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Heterozygous and generalist MxA super-restrictors overcome breadth-specificity trade-offs in antiviral restriction.Science advances · 2025Article
- Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mx1 is a GTPase that is part of the antiviral response induced by type I and type III interferons in the infected host. It inhibits influenza virus infection by blocking viral transcription and replication, but the molecular mechanism is not known. Polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) and nucleoprotein (NP) were suggested to be the possible target of Mx1, but a direct interaction between Mx1 and any of the viral proteins has not been reported. We investigated the interplay between Mx1, NP, and PB2 to identify the mechanism of Mx1's antiviral activity. We found that Mx1 inhibits the PB2-NP interaction, and the strength of this inhibition correlated with a decrease in viral polymerase activity. Inhibition of the PB2-NP interaction is an active process requiring enzymatically active Mx1. We also demonstrate that Mx1 interacts with the viral proteins NP and PB2, which indicates that Mx1 protein has a direct effect on the viral ribonucleoprotein complex. In a minireplicon system, avian-like NP from swine virus isolates was more sensitive to inhibition by murine Mx1 than NP from human influenza A virus isolates. Likewise, murine Mx1 displaced avian NP from the viral ribonucleoprotein complex more easily than human NP. The stronger resistance of the A/H1N1 pandemic 2009 virus against Mx1 also correlated with reduced inhibition of the PB2-NP interaction. Our findings support a model in which Mx1 interacts with the influenza ribonucleoprotein complex and interferes with its assembly by disturbing the PB2-NP interaction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.