ArticleJournal of virology2012
Human metapneumovirus M2-2 protein inhibits innate cellular signaling by targeting MAVS.
Article in Journal of virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Advances in Diagnosis, Molecular Epidemiology, and Clinical Impact of an Underrecognized Respiratory Virus.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mechanistic insights and emerging applications of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) treatment: From molecular design to translational immunity.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- IFN-λ4 Exhibits Differential Induction and Antiviral Activity in RSV and HMPV Infections.Viruses · 2026Article
- Advances in Human Metapneumovirus Research: Clinical Impact, Diagnostic Innovations, and Therapeutic Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Human metapneumovirus: pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnostic technologies, and potential intervention strategies.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Human metapneumovirus: understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathology of infection.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Immunoinformatic design of chimeric multiepitope vaccine for the prevention of human metapneumovirus (hMPV).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in 2025: emerging trends and insights from community and hospital-based respiratory panel analyses-a comprehensive review.Virology journal · 2025Review
- The role of M2 proteins of pneumoviruses in transcription regulation, prevention of hypermutation, and activation of the type I interferon pathway.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Receptors and host factors: key players in human metapneumovirus infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Human metapneumovirus SH protein promotes JAK1 degradation to impair host IL-6 signaling.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Role of Poly(A)-Binding Protein Cytoplasmic 1, a tRNA-Derived RNA Fragment-Bound Protein, in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Human metapneumovirus SH protein promotes JAK1 degradation to impair host IL-6 signaling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Development of a novel multi-epitope mRNA vaccine candidate to combat HMPV virus.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Article
- Evidence against the Human Metapneumovirus G, SH, and M2-2 Proteins as Bona Fide Interferon Antagonists.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Human metapneumovirus M2-2 protein inhibits RIG-I signaling by preventing TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in pediatric populations globally, with no prophylactic or therapeutic measures. Recently, a recombinant hMPV lacking the M2-2 protein (rhMPV-ΔM2-2) demonstrated reduced replication in the respiratory tract of animal models, making it a promising live vaccine candidate. However, the exact nature of the interaction between the M2-2 protein and host cells that regulates viral infection/propagation is largely unknown. By taking advantage of the available reverse genetics system and ectopic expression system for viral protein, we found that M2-2 not only promotes viral gene transcription and replication but subverts host innate immunity, therefore identifying M2-2 as a novel virulence factor, in addition to the previously described hMPV G protein. Since we have shown that the RIG-I/MAVS pathway plays an important role in hMPV-induced signaling in airway epithelial cells, we investigated whether M2-2 antagonizes the host cellular responses by targeting this pathway. Reporter gene assays and coimmunoprecipitation studies indicated that M2-2 targets MAVS, an inhibitory mechanism different from what we previously reported for hMPV G, which affects RIG-I- but not MAVS-dependent gene transcription. In addition, we found that the domains of M2-2 responsible for the regulation of viral gene transcription and antiviral signaling are different. Our findings collectively demonstrate that M2-2 contributes to hMPV immune evasion through the inhibition of MAVS-dependent cellular responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.