Trial reportEuropean journal of preventive cardiology2014
Effect of improved fitness beyond weight loss on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes in the Look AHEAD study.
Trial report in European journal of preventive cardiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Prescription of Supplements in Pre- and Post-bariatric Surgery Patients: An Updated Comprehensive Practical Guideline.Obesity surgery · 2023Guideline
- Does Exercise Improve the Cardiometabolic Risk Profile of Patients with Obesity After Bariatric Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Obesity surgery · 2022Pooled it
- Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors in Non-Diabetic Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of visceral adipose tissue reduction on CVD risk factors independent of weight loss: The Look AHEAD study.Endocrine research · 2017Trial
- Community-Based Healthy Aging Interventions for Older Adults with Arthritis and Multimorbidity.Journal of community health · 2017Trial
- Editorial: Residual cardiovascular risk in diabetes: current state and future perspectives.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Article
- Nutritional Strategies for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Changes in body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- The role of SGLT2i in attenuating residual cardiovascular risk through blood pressure-lowering: mechanistic insights and perspectives.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2023Review
- Obesity Management in Cardiometabolic Disease: State of the Art.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2021Review
- Appraisal of Triglyceride-Related Markers as Early Predictors of Metabolic Outcomes in the PREVIEW Lifestyle Intervention: A ControlledFrontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Association of dietary pattern and physical activity with lipid-related indices among Chinese population: a cross-sectional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2020Article
- Changes in behaviors after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and 10-year incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2019Article
- Treatment of Obesity in Patients With Diabetes.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2017Article
- Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2014Review
- Look inside Look AHEAD: why the glass is more than half-full.Current diabetes reports · 2014Review
- Associations between body mass index and development of metabolic disorders in fertile women--a nationwide cohort study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2014Article
- Cardiovagal modulation and efficacy of aerobic exercise training in obese individuals.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBecause lifestyle-induced improvements in cardiovascular risk factors vary substantially across individuals with type 2 diabetes, we investigated the extent to which increases in fitness explain cardiovascular risk factor improvements independent of weight loss in a lifestyle intervention.
methodsWe studied 1-year changes in Look AHEAD, a randomized trial comparing an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) to a diabetes support and education (DSE) control group in adults with type 2 diabetes. Assessments included weight, fitness, blood pressure (BP), glucose, HbA1c, and lipids. We evaluated the effects of changes in weight and fitness on changes in cardiovascular risk factors by study arm, using R (2) from multiple linear regression.
resultsAnalyses included participants with fitness data at baseline and 1-year (n = 4408; 41% male, 36% non-white; mean age 58.7 ± 6.8 years). Weight change alone improved R (2) for explaining changes in risk factors up to 8.2% in ILI and 1.7% in DSE. Fitness change alone improved R (2) up to 3.9% in ILI and 0.8% in DSE. After adjusting for weight change, fitness was independently associated (p < 0.05) with improvements in R (2) for glucose (+0.7%), HbA1c (+1.1%), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (+0.4%), and triglycerides (+0.2%) in ILI and diastolic BP (+0.3%), glucose (+0.3%), HbA1c (+0.4%), and triglycerides (+0.1%) in DSE. Taken together, weight and fitness changes explained from 0.1-9.3% of the variability in cardiovascular risk factor changes.
conclusionIncreased fitness explained statistically significant but small improvements in several cardiovascular risk factors beyond weight loss. Further research identifying other factors that explain cardiovascular risk factor change is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.