ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2013
Low-dose cyclophosphamide administered as daily or single dose enhances the antitumor effects of a therapeutic HPV vaccine.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized phase II trial of personalized peptide vaccine with low dose cyclophosphamide in biliary tract cancer.Cancer science · 2017Trial
- Long-term cerebrovascular effects of cyclophosphamide and vincristine: endothelial senescence, impaired DNA repair signaling, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Chemotherapeutics as Immune Modulators for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Therapeutic resistance in HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: molecular mechanisms, clinical challenges, and precision strategies.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Cancer Immunotherapy in Combination with Radiotherapy and/or Chemotherapy: Mechanisms and Clinical Therapy.MedComm · 2025Review
- A Combination Therapy of Cyclophosphamide and Immunomodulating Agents in Cancer.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Review
- Toxoplasma gondii-derived antigen modifies tumor microenvironment of Ehrlich solid carcinoma murine model and enhances immunotherapeutic activity of cyclophosphamide.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Article
- Boosting In-Vivo Anti-Tumor Immunity with an Oral Microparticulate Breast Cancer Vaccine and Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
- Immunogenic Cell Death Activates the Tumor Immune Microenvironment to Boost the Immunotherapy Efficiency.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Review
- Targeting Endothelial Connexin37 Reduces Angiogenesis and Decreases Tumor Growth.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Case Report: Pathological Complete Response in a Lung Metastasis of Phyllodes Tumor Patient Following Treatment Containing Peptide Neoantigen Nano-Vaccine.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Intratumoral IL-28B Gene Delivery Elicits Antitumor Effects by Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment in H22-Bearing Mice.Journal of immunology research · 2022Article
- Immunotherapy for HPV Malignancies.Seminars in radiation oncology · 2021Review
- Heterologous Prime Boost Vaccination Induces Protective Melanoma-Specific CD8Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2020Article
- Local and distant tumor dormancy during early stage breast cancer are associated with the predominance of infiltrating T effector subsets.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2020Article
- Enhanced immunotherapeutic profile of oncolytic virus-based cancer vaccination using cyclophosphamide preconditioning.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
- Modulation of Determinant Factors to Improve Therapeutic Combinations with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Cells · 2020Review
- Therapeutic DNA Vaccines for Human Papillomavirus and Associated Diseases.Human gene therapy · 2018Article
- Disappearance of bone metastases in chemotherapy-resistant gastric cancer treated with antigen peptide-pulsed dendritic cell-activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunotherapy: A case report.Oncology letters · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although therapeutic HPV vaccines are able to elicit systemic HPV-specific immunity, clinical responses have not always correlated with levels of vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells in human clinical trials. This observed discrepancy may be attributable to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in which the CD8(+) T cells are recruited. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are cells that can dampen cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cell function. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a systemic chemotherapeutic agent, which can eradicate immune cells, including inhibitory Tregs. The optimal dose and schedule of CTX administration in combination with immunotherapy to eliminate the Treg population without adversely affecting vaccine-induced T-cell responses is unknown. Therefore, we investigated various dosing and administration schedules of CTX in combination with a therapeutic HPV vaccine in a preclinical tumor model. HPV tumor-bearing mice received either a single preconditioning dose or a daily dose of CTX in combination with the pNGVL4a-CRT/E7(detox) DNA vaccine. Both single and daily dosing of CTX in combination with vaccine had a synergistic antitumor effect as compared to monotherapy alone. The potent antitumor responses were attributed to the reduction in Treg frequency and increased infiltration of HPV16 E7-specific CD8(+) T cells, which led to higher ratios of CD8(+)/Treg and CD8(+)/CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). There was an observed trend toward decreased vaccine-induced CD8(+) T-cell frequency with daily dosing of CTX. We recommend a single, preconditioning dose of CTX prior to vaccination due to its efficacy, ease of administration, and reduced cumulative adverse effect on vaccine-induced T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.