ArticleIntensive care medicine2012
Characteristics and determinants of outcome of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care units: the EUROBACT International Cohort Study.
Article in Intensive care medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 218 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Epidemiology and Determinants of Outcomes of Hospital Acquired Blood Stream Infections in the Intensive Care: the Eurobact II Multinational Cohort Study
Epidemiology and Determinants of Outcomes of Hospital Acquired Blood Stream Infections in the Intensive Care in Turkey
Who cites it
218 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 446 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Pharmacokinetic Studies of Colistin and Polymyxin B in Adult Populations.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Pooled it
- Mortality and genetic diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with bloodstream infections: a systemic review and genomic analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Antibiotic resistance in hospital-acquired ESKAPE-E infections in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Pooled it
- Emerging strategies for the noninvasive diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2019Pooled it
- Task force on management and prevention of Acinetobacter baumannii infections in the ICU.Intensive care medicine · 2015Guideline
- Performance and economic evaluation of the molecular detection of pathogens for patients with severe infections: the EVAMICA open-label, cluster-randomised, interventional crossover trial.Intensive care medicine · 2017Trial
- Assessment of panobacumab as adjunctive immunotherapy for the treatment of nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2014Trial
- Difficult-to-treat resistant Gram-negative bacteria and genomic resemblances between colonization and infection among patients in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Article
- Emulating a target trial of early compared with late initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired monobacterial Gram-negative bloodstream infections.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Machine learning prediction of in-hospital mortality risk among hospitalized patients with secondary bloodstream infection: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- ICU-acquired infection in neutropenic patients.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- The next frontier in sepsis: connected ICU data for real-world clinical decision making.Intensive care medicine · 2026Review
- Predictors of mortality in a Chinese medical ICU: a focus on ICU-acquired bloodstream infections.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Benefit and risk associated with interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor administration during severe COVID-19: a retrospective multicentric study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for bloodstream infections in perioperative critically ill patients- aFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of multi drug-resistant bacteria isolates in adult intensive care units: a six-year retrospective study from a tertiary hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections and bacteremia in medical and surgical critical care patients colonized by multidrug-resistant bacteria.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Ultra-broad hybrid capture-based targeted next-generation sequencing for sensitive plasma pathogen cfDNA detection in bloodstream infections.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
158 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors at 20 institutions in 15 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe recent increase in drug-resistant micro-organisms complicates the management of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSIs). We investigated the epidemiology of HA-BSI and evaluated the impact of drug resistance on outcomes of critically ill patients, controlling for patient characteristics and infection management.
methodsA prospective, multicentre non-representative cohort study was conducted in 162 intensive care units (ICUs) in 24 countries.
resultsWe included 1,156 patients [mean ± standard deviation (SD) age, 59.5 ± 17.7 years; 65 % males; mean ± SD Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II score, 50 ± 17] with HA-BSIs, of which 76 % were ICU-acquired. Median time to diagnosis was 14 [interquartile range (IQR), 7-26] days after hospital admission. Polymicrobial infections accounted for 12 % of cases. Among monomicrobial infections, 58.3 % were gram-negative, 32.8 % gram-positive, 7.8 % fungal and 1.2 % due to strict anaerobes. Overall, 629 (47.8 %) isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), including 270 (20.5 %) extensively resistant (XDR), and 5 (0.4 %) pan-drug-resistant (PDR). Micro-organism distribution and MDR occurrence varied significantly (p < 0.001) by country. The 28-day all-cause fatality rate was 36 %. In the multivariable model including micro-organism, patient and centre variables, independent predictors of 28-day mortality included MDR isolate [odds ratio (OR), 1.49; 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI), 1.07-2.06], uncontrolled infection source (OR, 5.86; 95 %CI, 2.5-13.9) and timing to adequate treatment (before day 6 since blood culture collection versus never, OR, 0.38; 95 %CI, 0.23-0.63; since day 6 versus never, OR, 0.20; 95 %CI, 0.08-0.47).
conclusionsMDR and XDR bacteria (especially gram-negative) are common in HA-BSIs in critically ill patients and are associated with increased 28-day mortality. Intensified efforts to prevent HA-BSIs and to optimize their management through adequate source control and antibiotic therapy are needed to improve outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.