ArticleJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism2012
TLR9 bone marrow chimeric mice define a role for cerebral TNF in neuroprotection induced by CpG preconditioning.
Article in Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- A STING agonist preconditions against ischaemic stroke via an adaptive antiviral Type 1 interferon response.Brain communications · 2022Article
- Evidence for the Role of Mitochondrial DNA Release in the Inflammatory Response in Neurological Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Correction to: Neuroimmune Response in Ischemic Preconditioning.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2018Article
- Help-me signaling: Non-cell autonomous mechanisms of neuroprotection and neurorecovery.Progress in neurobiology · 2017Review
- Neuroimmune Response in Ischemic Preconditioning.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2016Review
- Role of Circulating Immune Cells in Stroke and Preconditioning-Induced Protection.Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement · 2016Review
- Review
- Toll-like receptors and ischemic brain injury.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2014Review
- Steps to translate preconditioning from basic research to the clinic.Translational stroke research · 2013Review
- Innate immunity and neuroinflammation.Mediators of inflammation · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Systemic preconditioning with the TLR9 ligand CpG induces neuroprotection against brain ischemic injury through a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-dependent mechanism. It is unclear how systemic administration of CpG engages the brain to induce the protective phenotype. To address this, we created TLR9-deficient reciprocal bone marrow chimeric mice lacking TLR9 on either hematopoietic cells or radiation-resistant cells of nonhematopoietic origin. We report that wild-type mice reconstituted with TLR9-deficient hematopoietic cells failed to show neuroprotection after systemic CpG preconditioning. Further, while hematopoietic expression of TLR9 is required for CpG-induced neuroprotection it is not sufficient to restore protection to TLR9-deficient mice that are reconstituted with hematopoietic cells bearing TLR9. To determine whether the absence of protection was associated with TNF, we examined TNF levels in the systemic circulation and the brain. We found that although TNF is required for CpG preconditioning, systemic TNF levels did not correlate with the protective phenotype. However, induction of cerebral TNF mRNA required expression of TLR9 on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells and correlated with neuroprotection. In accordance with these results, we show the therapeutic potential of intranasal CpG preconditioning, which induces brain TNF mRNA and robust neuroprotection with no concomitant increase in systemic levels of TNF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.