ArticleEpidemiology and infection2013
Prevalence and distribution of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wastewater and the surface, drinking and ground waters in the Lower Rhine, Germany.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Human cryptosporidiosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasitology research · 2017Pooled it
- Detection ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2025Article
- Human Giardiasis in Ghana - A Scoping Review of Studies From 2004 to 2024.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Parasitic Contamination of Soil in the Southern United States.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Autochthonous and imported giardiasis cases: An analysis of two decades of national surveillance data, Germany, 2002 to 2021.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Individual and Community-Level Risk Factors for Giardiasis in Children under Five Years of Age in Pakistan: A Prospective Multi-Regional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Wastewater-based epidemiology-surveillance and early detection of waterborne pathogens with a focus on SARS-CoV-2, Cryptosporidium and Giardia.Parasitology research · 2021Review
- RT qLAMP-Direct Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Raw Sewage.Journal of biomolecular techniques : JBT · 2021Article
- Prevalence ofJournal of environmental health science & engineering · 2020Review
- Temporal Variability of Faecal Contamination from On-Site Sanitation Systems in the Groundwater of Northern Thailand.Environmental management · 2018Article
- On the use of total aerobic spore bacteria to make treatment decisions due to Cryptosporidium risk at public water system wells.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2018Article
- Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. as contaminant protozoa of the main rivers of western Romania: genetic characterization and public health potential of the isolates.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Fine-Scale Spatial Heterogeneity in the Distribution of Waterborne Protozoa in a Drinking Water Reservoir.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
- Assessment of Toxoplasma gondii levels in zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) by real-time PCR: an organotropism study.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2015Article
- Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in recycled waters used for irrigation and first description of Cryptosporidium parvum and C. muris in Greece.Parasitology research · 2015Article
- Large outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis infection transmitted through the public water supply, Sweden.Emerging infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Molecular identification of Giardia and Cryptosporidium from dogs and cats.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Samples from different water sources (n = 396) were collected during 2009 and 2011. Wastewater (2-5 l) was purified by aluminium sulphate flocculation. Surface, ground and drinking waters (400-6400 l) were collected by filtration. Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts were further concentrated by sucrose centrifugation. (Oo)cysts were identified by IFT (immunofluorescence test), DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining and DICM (difference interference contrast microscopy). Out of 206 wastewater samples, 134 (65·0%) were found to be positive for Giardia cysts and 64 (31·1%) for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Parasite numbers ranged from 0 to 2436 cysts/l and 0 to 1745 oocysts/l. Eight (4·2%) surface and drinking water samples (n = 190) were found to be positive for Giardia cysts (0-56000/100 l), and 18 (9·5%) for Cryptosporidium oocysts (2400/100 l). The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence and concentrations of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. by detecting (oo)cysts from water samples. This study provides substantial evidence that G. lamblia cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts are able to enter and circulate in the aquatic environment with negative implications for public health.
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