ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2012
HIV and associated risk factors among male clients of female sex workers in a Chinese border region.
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The burden of HIV infection among men who purchase sex in low- and middle-income countries - a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Sexually transmitted infections among heterosexual male clients of female sex workers in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
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- Sampling Strategies for Assessing Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Public Health Research: A Compilation of Global Evidence.AIDS and behavior · 2025Review
- Homosexual identity and network overlap predictors of HIV infection among older men from rural China: a case-control study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- A cross-sectional survey exploring HIV and HCV prevalence among men who purchase sex in Dnipro, Ukraine.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Experiences of visiting female sex workers, social interaction, support and HIV infection among elderly men from rural China.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Lifetime commercial heterosexual behavior among HIV negative elderly men from rural Chengdu, China: a modified knowledge-attitude-practice perspective.BMC public health · 2021Article
- A thematic analysis of experiences of HIV risks among female sex workers in the Yunnan-Vietnam Chinese border region.BMC women's health · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Sex Selling and Sex Purchasing among Adults Seeking Treatment for Cocaine Use Disorder.Substance use & misuse · 2021Article
- Declining trend in HIV new infections in Guangxi, China: insights from linking reported HIV/AIDS cases with CD4-at-diagnosis data.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Uptake and acceptability of assisted and unassisted HIV self-testing among men who purchase sex in brothels in Indonesia: a pilot intervention study.BMC public health · 2020Article
- HIV Prevalence and Factors Influencing the Uptake of Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing among Older Clients of Female Sex Workers in Liuzhou and Fuyang Cities, China, 2016-2017: A Cross-Sectional Study.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Characteristics of the vaginal microbiome in cross-border female sex workers in China: a case-control study.PeerJ · 2019Article
- HIV prevalence and correlated factors among male clients of female sex workers in a border region of China.PloS one · 2019Article
- Behavioral and Psychosocial Correlates of HIV Testing Among Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Tijuana, Mexico.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- High HIV Prevalence and Risk Among Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Disparities in HIV and syphilis prevalence and risk factors between older male clients with and without steady sex partners in southwestern rural China.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Human Pegivirus-1 Infection in HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Yunnan, China.Viruses · 2017Article
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9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMale clients of female sex workers (FSWs) serve as a potential bridge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to the general population. Little is known about the characteristics and risk factors for HIV infection among male clients patronizing FSWs in Hekou County, Yunnan Province in southern China bordering with Vietnam.
methodsMale clients were recruited through outreach of study staff, referrals by Vietnamese FSWs and their bosses, and snowball sampling. Each participant completed a questionnaire survey and donated a blood specimen to test for HIV, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and syphilis. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with HIV infection.
resultsAmong 306 participants, 28 (9.2%) were HIV positive, 81 (26.5%) were HSV-2 positive, and none was infected with syphilis. Approximately half (n = 149, 49.2%) reported always using condoms with sex workers in the past year; 36 (11.8%) reported a history of injection drug use (IDU). Compared with HIV-negative men, HIV-positive men were more likely to have a history of IDU (64.3% vs. 6.5%) and be coinfected with HSV-2 (50.0% vs. 24.1%).
conclusionsIDU was the most salient risk factor for HIV infection in this study, which suggests that male clients may acquire HIV from routes other than commercial sex, but the significance of HSV-2 infection indicates that sexual transmission is also of concern. HIV prevention intervention programs for this often ignored and hard-to-reach risk group should be two-pronged, addressing both drug use and commercial sex.
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