ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2012
Progressive multiple sclerosis: pathology and pathogenesis.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 513 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Open-label, Single-center, Single-arm Futility Trial Evaluating Oral Domperidone 10mg QID for Reducing Progression of Disability in Patients With Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS)
An Open Label Study of the Pharmacokinetics of DMF and the Effects of DMF on Exploratory Biomarkers in Subjects With Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
The Effect of the Ketogenic Diet on Patients With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
The Effectiveness of Combining a Home-based Digital Motor Telerehabilitation Program With Conventional Therapy in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: a Multicentre, Randomized Controlled Trial
Investigation of Smoldering Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
513 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,017 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Crossroads of Neuroinflammation and Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.Cells · 2026Pooled it
- The relationship between motor and cognitive performance and cortical activity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy studies.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Choroid plexus volume in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of an emerging imaging biomarker.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Peripheral neuropathies associated with anti-tnf-α treatments: a systematic review and proposed recommendations.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for progressive multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarkers for disease progression in Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Current Status and Future Opportunities in Modeling Clinical Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Smoking, obesity, and disability worsening in PPMS: an analysis of the INFORMS original trial dataset.Journal of neurology · 2022Trial
- Betaine Attenuates Cuprizone-Induced Cortical Demyelination: The Role of the WNT4/mTOR Signalling Pathway in Regulating Astrogliosis and Synaptic Integrity.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Article
- Single-cell Transcriptomics in Autoimmune Diseases: Mechanistic Insights, Cross-disease Convergence, and Translational Challenges in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Type 1 Diabetes, and Multiple Sclerosis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Clinical trials in non-ambulatory people with progressive multiple sclerosis: can the nine hole peg test step up as primary outcome measure?Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Targeting progressive multiple sclerosis: Toward mechanism-informed precision medicine.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Glial Cysteine Cathepsins: From Homeostasis to Neurodegeneration.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Early Combined B-Cell Depletion and BTK Inhibition Reduced TLS-like Structures and Relapse in PLPInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Emerging Role of BTK Inhibitors in Multiple Sclerosis: From Immunobiology to Clinical Translation.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Glial cells in chronic inflammation: diversity, dysfunction and therapeutic targeting.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- The hypoxia-inflammation cycle as a key mechanism of smoldering inflammation and progression in multiple sclerosis.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
453 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Major progress has been made during the past three decades in understanding the inflammatory process and pathogenetic mechanisms in multiple sclerosis (MS). Consequently, effective anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory treatments are now available for patients in the relapsing-remitting stage of the disease. This Review summarizes studies on the pathology of progressive MS and discusses new data on the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. In progressive MS, as in relapsing-remitting MS, active tissue injury is associated with inflammation, but the inflammatory response in the progressive phase occurs at least partly behind the blood-brain barrier, which makes it more difficult to treat. The other mechanisms that drive disease in patients with primary or secondary progressive MS are currently unresolved, although oxidative stress resulting in mitochondrial injury might participate in the induction of demyelination and neurodegeneration in both the relapsing-remitting and progressive stages of MS. Oxidative stress seems to be mainly driven by inflammation and oxidative burst in microglia; however, its effects might be amplified in patients with progressive MS by age-dependent iron accumulation in the brain and by mitochondrial gene deletions, triggered by the chronic inflammatory process.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.