ArticleBiomedical microdevices2013
Sacrificial layer technique for axial force post assay of immature cardiomyocytes.
Article in Biomedical microdevices, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Micropillars in Cell Mechanobiology: Design, Fabrication, Characterization, and Biosensing Applications.Small science · 2025Review
- Rapid Video Analysis for Contraction Synchrony of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Cardiac Tissues.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2025Article
- Engineering liver microtissues for disease modeling and regenerative medicine.Advanced functional materials · 2020Article
- (De)form and Function: Measuring Cellular Forces with Deformable Materials and Deformable Structures.Advanced healthcare materials · 2020Review
- Mechanobiology Assays with Applications in Cardiomyocyte Biology and Cardiotoxicity.Advanced healthcare materials · 2020Review
- Metal and Polymeric Strain Gauges for Si-Based, Monolithically Fabricated Organs-on-Chips.Micromachines · 2019Article
- For whom the cells pull: Hydrogel and micropost devices for measuring traction forces.Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2016Review
- Micropost arrays for measuring stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte contractility.Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2016Article
- Human pluripotent stem cells: Prospects and challenges as a source of cardiomyocytes for in vitro modeling and cell-based cardiac repair.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2016Review
- Contractility of single cardiomyocytes differentiated from pluripotent stem cells depends on physiological shape and substrate stiffness.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- Mechano-transduction: from molecules to tissues.PLoS biology · 2014Article
- Stable, covalent attachment of laminin to microposts improves the contractility of mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2014Article
- hiPSC Modeling of Inherited Cardiomyopathies.Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine · 2014Article
- Tri-iodo-l-thyronine promotes the maturation of human cardiomyocytes-derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2014Article
- Measuring the contractile forces of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with arrays of microposts.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2014Article
- 3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues.Biotechnology advancesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immature primary and stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes provide useful models for fundamental studies of heart development and cardiac disease, and offer potential for patient specific drug testing and differentiation protocols aimed at cardiac grafts. To assess their potential for augmenting heart function, and to gain insight into cardiac growth and disease, tissue engineers must quantify the contractile forces of these single cells. Currently, axial contractile forces of isolated adult heart cells can only be measured by two-point methods such as carbon fiber techniques, which cannot be applied to neonatal and stem cell-derived heart cells because they are more difficult to handle and lack a persistent shape. Here we present a novel axial technique for measuring the contractile forces of isolated immature cardiomyocytes. We overcome cell manipulation and patterning challenges by using a thermoresponsive sacrificial support layer in conjunction with arrays of widely separated elastomeric microposts. Our approach has the potential to be high-throughput, is functionally analogous to current gold-standard axial force assays for adult heart cells, and prescribes elongated cell shapes without protein patterning. Finally, we calibrate these force posts with piezoresistive cantilevers to dramatically reduce measurement error typical for soft polymer-based force assays. We report quantitative measurements of peak contractile forces up to 146 nN with post stiffness standard error (26 nN) far better than that based on geometry and stiffness estimates alone. The addition of sacrificial layers to future 2D and 3D cell culture platforms will enable improved cell placement and the complex suspension of cells across 3D constructs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.