ArticleEukaryotic cell2012
Pseudohyphal growth of Cryptococcus neoformans is a reversible dimorphic transition in response to ammonium that requires Amt1 and Amt2 ammonium permeases.
Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Different Patterns of Frequency, Lichen Specificity and Thallus Location Between the Yeast and Filamentous Phases of Two Lichen-Inhabiting Basidiomycetes.Environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- The Hidden Fortress: A Comprehensive Review of Fungal Biofilms with Emphasis onJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein Vps17 regulates sexual reproduction and virulence ofMycology · 2025Article
- Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii and Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infections on tissue sections: Diagnostic pitfalls and relevance of an integrated histomolecular diagnosis.Medical mycology · 2024Article
- A Limited Number of Amino Acid Permeases Are Crucial forInternational journal of microbiology · 2024Review
- Last but not yeast-The many forms of Cryptococcus neoformans.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Environmental Factors That Contribute to the Maintenance ofMicroorganisms · 2020Review
- Basic principles of the virulence ofVirulence · 2019Review
- Aggregate Filamentous Growth Responses in Yeast.mSphere · 2019Article
- The cAMP/Protein Kinase a Pathway Regulates Virulence and Adaptation to Host Conditions inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Cryptococcal pathogenic mechanisms: a dangerous trip from the environment to the brain.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2018Review
- Environmental Triazole Induces Cross-Resistance to Clinical Drugs and Affects Morphophysiology and Virulence of Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Multiple Transceptors for Macro- and Micro-Nutrients Control Diverse Cellular Properties Through the PKA Pathway in Yeast: A Paradigm for the Rapidly Expanding World of Eukaryotic Nutrient Transceptors Up to Those in Human Cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Review
- Nutritional Requirements and Their Importance for Virulence of Pathogenic Cryptococcus Species.Microorganisms · 2017Review
- Article
- Morphology and its underlying genetic regulation impact the interaction between Cryptococcus neoformans and its hosts.Medical mycology · 2015Article
- Unisexual versus bisexual mating in Cryptococcus neoformans: Consequences and biological impacts.Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B · 2015Review
- Cryptococcus neoformans hyperfilamentous strain is hypervirulent in a murine model of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.PloS one · 2014Article
- Unisexual reproduction of Cryptococcus gattii.PloS one · 2014Article
- Unisexual reproduction enhances fungal competitiveness by promoting habitat exploration via hyphal growth and sporulation.Eukaryotic cell · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a human-pathogenic basidiomycete that commonly infects HIV/AIDS patients to cause meningoencephalitis (7, 19). C. neoformans grows as a budding yeast during vegetative growth or as hyphae during sexual reproduction. Pseudohyphal growth of C. neoformans has been observed rarely during murine and human infections but frequently during coculture with amoeba; however, the genetics underlying pseudohyphal growth are largely unknown. Our studies found that C. neoformans displays pseudohyphal growth under nitrogen-limiting conditions, especially when a small amount of ammonium is available as a sole nitrogen source. Pseudohyphal growth was observed with Cryptococcus neoformans serotypes A and D and Cryptococcus gattii. C. neoformans pseudohyphae bud to produce yeast cells and normal smooth hemispherical colonies when transferred to complete media, indicating that pseudohyphal growth is a conditional developmental stage. Subsequent analysis revealed that two ammonium permeases encoded by the AMT1 and AMT2 genes are required for pseudohyphal growth. Both amt1 and amt2 mutants are capable of forming pseudohyphae; however, amt1 amt2 double mutants do not form pseudohyphae. Interestingly, C. gattii pseudohypha formation is irreversible and involves a RAM pathway mutation that drives pseudohyphal development. We also found that pseudohyphal growth is related to the invasive growth into the medium. These results demonstrate that pseudohyphal growth is a common reversible growth pattern in C. neoformans but a mutational genetic event in C. gattii and provide new insights into understanding pseudohyphal growth of Cryptococcus.
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