Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23002086›Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2013

The effects of free-living interval-walking training on glycemic control, body composition, and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial.

Kristian Karstoft, Kamilla Winding, Sine H Knudsen, Jens S Nielsen, Carsten Thomsen, Bente K Pedersen, Thomas P J Solomon

6 registry-linked trialsAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 150 papers, 26 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
150citing papers in PubMed, 26 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02341690 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

The Effectiveness of Smartphone Delivered Interval Walking Training on Physical Activity and Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial - Part of The InterWalk Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of CopenhagenRan2015 to 2017Enrolled226ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsInterval walking training, control
NCT03593746 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Effects of High Intensity Interval Training and Combined Training Associated With Photobiomodulation in Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) Patients: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Nove de JulhoRan2020 to 2022Enrolled60ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2, High-Intensity Interval Training, Exercise Training, Hyperglycaemia Due to Type 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsPhysical training, Light-Emitting Diode (LED) therapy
NCT03810963 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

Electrically Induced Cycling and Nutritional Counseling for Counteracting Obesity After SCI

TypeinterventionalSponsorWilliam Carey UniversityRan2017 to 2019Enrolled15ConditionsSpinal Cord InjuriesArmsHIIT-FES Cycling combined with Nutritional Counseling, Nutritional Counseling Only
NCT06659848 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

the Effect of Fasted Versus Post-meal HIIT on Glycemic Control in Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

TypeinterventionalSponsorPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityRan2024 to 2024Enrolled123ConditionsType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)Armshigh intensity interval training
NCT07648173 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

The Effects of a Hybrid HIIT-FES Cycling Program on Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury to Improve Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health

TypeinterventionalSponsorWilliam Carey UniversityRan2026 to 2027Enrolled12ConditionsSpinal Cord InjuriesArmsMuscle strengthening exercise followed by Hybrid FES cycling Exercise, Active ROM exercise with arms and Passive ROM exercise with legs
NCT07769840 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Different Modes of Rowing Combined With Cycling Exercise on Inflammatory Markers in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe 95th Hospital of Putian，Putian, Fujian, ChinaRan2026 to 2028Enrolled120ConditionsDiabetesArmsContinuous Exercise - Cycling Group, Rowing Ergometer High-Intensity Interval Training, Combined Training Standard
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

150 citing papers in PubMed, 26 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  9. Rates of compliance and adherence to high-intensity interval training: a systematic review and Meta-analyses.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2023
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  12. Effect of aerobic exercise on waist circumference in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022
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  17. Walking for hypertension.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021
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90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kristian KarstoftCentre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Kamilla Winding
Sine H Knudsen
Jens S Nielsen
Carsten Thomsen
Bente K Pedersen
Thomas P J Solomon

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of free-living walking training in type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the effects of interval-walking training versus continuous-walking training upon physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsSubjects with type 2 diabetes were randomized to a control (n = 8), continuous-walking (n = 12), or interval-walking group (n = 12). Training groups were prescribed five sessions per week (60 min/session) and were controlled with an accelerometer and a heart-rate monitor. Continuous walkers performed all training at moderate intensity, whereas interval walkers alternated 3-min repetitions at low and high intensity. Before and after the 4-month intervention, the following variables were measured: VO(2)max, body composition, and glycemic control (fasting glucose, HbA(1c), oral glucose tolerance test, and continuous glucose monitoring [CGM]).

resultsTraining adherence was high (89 ± 4%), and training energy expenditure and mean intensity were comparable. VO(2)max increased 16.1 ± 3.7% in the interval-walking group (P < 0.05), whereas no changes were observed in the continuous-walking or control group. Body mass and adiposity (fat mass and visceral fat) decreased in the interval-walking group only (P < 0.05). Glycemic control (elevated mean CGM glucose levels and increased fasting insulin) worsened in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas mean (P = 0.05) and maximum (P < 0.05) CGM glucose levels decreased in the interval-walking group. The continuous walkers showed no changes in glycemic control.

conclusionsFree-living walking training is feasible in type 2 diabetic patients. Continuous walking offsets the deterioration in glycemia seen in the control group, and interval walking is superior to energy expenditure-matched continuous walking for improving physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood PressureBody CompositionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Energy IntakeEnergy MetabolismExerciseExercise TherapyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhysical FitnessWalkingBlood Glucose

Identifiers

PMID23002086
PMCPMC3554285

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.