ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Phylogenetic analysis and polyphasic characterization of Clavibacter michiganensis strains isolated from tomato seeds reveal that nonpathogenic strains are distinct from C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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29 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Isolation and identification ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative genomics of strains of varying virulence of the gram-positive bacterial pathogen of maize, Clavibacter nebraskensis.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- The center of wheat domestication drives diversity ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Clavibacter michiganensis Reframed: The Story of How the Genomics Era Made a New Face for an Old Enemy.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Review
- Friends and Foes: Bacteria of the Hydroponic Plant Microbiome.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Allelic variations in the chpG effector gene within Clavibacter michiganensis populations determine pathogen host range.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Clavibacter nebraskensis causing Goss's wilt of maize: Five decades of detaining the enemy in the New World.Molecular plant pathology · 2023Review
- Modes of Action of Biocontrol Agents and Elicitors for sustainable Protection against Bacterial Canker of Tomato.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Inactivation of tomatoFrontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Methods of IdentifyingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Bacterial ring rot of potato caused by Clavibacter sepedonicus: A successful example of defeating the enemy under international regulations.Molecular plant pathology · 2022Article
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- Molecular Analysis of Bacterial Isolates From Necrotic Wheat Leaf Lesions Caused byFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Comparative Genomics of PathogenicMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Plasmid composition and the chpG gene determine the virulence level of Clavibacter capsici natural isolates in pepper.Molecular plant pathology · 2020Article
- Comparative Genomic Analysis Confirms Five Genetic Populations of the Select Agent,Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Comparative Genomics and Phylogenetic Analyses Suggest Several Novel Species within the GenusApplied and environmental microbiology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The genus Clavibacter comprises one species and five subspecies of plant-pathogenic bacteria, four of which are classified as quarantine organisms due to the high economic threat they pose. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is one of the most important pathogens of tomato, but the recommended diagnostic tools are not satisfactory due to false-negative and/or -positive results. To provide a robust analysis of the genetic relatedness among a worldwide collection of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains, relatives (strains from the four other C. michiganensis subspecies), and nonpathogenic Clavibacter-like strains isolated from tomato, we performed multilocus sequence-based analysis and typing (MLSA and MLST) based on six housekeeping genes (atpD, dnaK, gyrB, ppK, recA, and rpoB). We compared this "framework" with phenotypic and genotypic characteristics such as pathogenicity on tomato, reaction to two antisera by immunofluorescence and to five PCR identification tests, and the presence of four genes encoding the main C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis pathogenicity determinants. We showed that C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is monophyletic and is distinct from its closest taxonomic neighbors. The nonpathogenic Clavibacter-like strains were identified as C. michiganensis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These strains, while cross-reacting with C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis identification tools, are phylogenetically distinct from the pathogenic strains but belong to the C. michiganensis clade. C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis clonal complexes linked strains from highly diverse geographical origins and also strains isolated over long periods of time in the same location. This illustrates the importance of seed transmission in the worldwide dispersion of this pathogen and its survival and adaptation abilities in a new environment once introduced.
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