ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Different antibiotic resistance and sporulation properties within multiclonal Clostridium difficile PCR ribotypes 078, 126, and 033 in a single calf farm.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uncovering an alternate pathway of antibiotic resistance in spore-forming bacteria.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Comparison of Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Resistances in BovineAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial resistance ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Non-human Clostridioides difficile Reservoirs and Sources: Animals, Food, Environment.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Clostridioides difficile Sporulation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Article
- Characterization of Food ChainMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during animal transport.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2022Article
- Genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile from canine, bovine, and pediatric populations.Anaerobe · 2022Article
- The Colonisation of Calves in Czech Large-Scale Dairy Farms by Clonally-RelatedMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- The molecular characters and antibiotic resistance of Clostridioides difficile from economic animals in China.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- Review
- Immunomodulatory effects ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2019Article
- Evolutionary and Genomic Insights intomBio · 2019Article
- Genomic Delineation of Zoonotic Origins ofFrontiers in public health · 2019Review
- Article
- Prevalence of binary toxin positive Clostridium difficile in diarrhoeal humans in the absence of epidemic ribotype 027.PloS one · 2017Article
- Identification of risk factors influencing Clostridium difficile prevalence in middle-size dairy farms.Veterinary research · 2016Article
- Clostridium difficile in Food and Animals: A Comprehensive Review.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2016Review
- DNA microarray-based PCR ribotyping of Clostridium difficile.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile strains were sampled periodically from 50 animals at a single veal calf farm over a period of 6 months. At arrival, 10% of animals were C. difficile positive, and the peak incidence was determined to occur at the age of 18 days (16%). The prevalence then decreased, and at slaughter, C. difficile could not be isolated. Six different PCR ribotypes were detected, and strains within a single PCR ribotype could be differentiated further by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The PCR ribotype diversity was high up to the animal age of 18 days, but at later sampling points, PCR ribotype 078 and the highly related PCR ribotype 126 predominated. Resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, and erythromycin was detected, while all strains were susceptible to amoxicillin and metronidazole. Multiple variations of the resistance gene tet(M) were present at the same sampling point, and these changed over time. We have shown that PCR ribotypes often associated with cattle (ribotypes 078, 126, and 033) were not clonal but differed in PFGE type, sporulation properties, antibiotic sensitivities, and tetracycline resistance determinants, suggesting that multiple strains of the same PCR ribotype infected the calves and that calves were likely to be infected prior to arrival at the farm. Importantly, strains isolated at later time points were more likely to be resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin and showed higher early sporulation efficiencies in vitro, suggesting that these two properties converge to promote the persistence of C. difficile in the environment or in hosts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.