ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Seasonal variations of indoor microbial exposures and their relation to temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rate.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens Species Group Recovery from Human Homes Varies Seasonally and by Environment.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Characterization of Airborne Fungal Diversity in Nunavik Housing Using Activated Air Sampling.ACS ES&T air · 2026Article
- Reservoirs of spoilage fungi in the built environment of cultured dairy facilities vary by season and location.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Human Contact Frequency as a Dominant Ecological Driver of Fungal Community Assembly and Homogenization in Public Built Environments.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Effects of mold exposure on self-rated health in Chinese older adults: a moderated mediation model of anxiety and indoor ventilation frequency.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Seasonal variation and influencing factors of airborne bacterial and fungal concentrations in different indoor public environments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Occupants and surface types drive microbial dynamics in controlled indoor environments.Environmental microbiome · 2025Article
- Month of birth and outdoor temperature after birth predict childhood atopic diseases in Finland.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Article
- Microbial indoor air pollution in Delhi Metropolitan City is attributable to severe respiratory and general health effects among residents.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Boosting knowledge on occupational exposure to microbial contamination in Portuguese carpentries.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Microbial exposure during recycling of domestic waste: a cross-sectional study of composition and associations with inflammatory markers.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2024Article
- A cross-sectional study on occupational hygiene in biowaste plants.Annals of work exposures and health · 2024Article
- Moving beyond species: fungal function in house dust provides novel targets for potential indicators of mold growth in homes.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Aging Effect on the Durability of Antibacterial Treatments Applied on Textile Materials for the Automotive Industry.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Uncovering the microbial diversity of Czech Republic archives: A study of metabolically active airborne microbes.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Neighborhood garden's age shapes phyllosphere microbiota associated with respiratory diseases in cold seasons.Environmental science and ecotechnology · 2024Article
- A cross-sectional study on occupational exposure to microorganisms, endotoxin, hydrogen sulfide, and dust during work at drilling waste treatment plants.Annals of work exposures and health · 2024Article
- Association of exposure to indoor molds and dampness with allergic diseases at water-damaged dwellings in Korea.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Assessment of the microbial contamination in "Do It Yourself" (DIY) stores - a holistic approach to protect workers' and consumers' health.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Microbiology of the built environment: harnessing human-associated built environment research to inform the study and design of animal nests and enclosures.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2023Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Indoor microbial exposure has been related to adverse pulmonary health effects. Exposure assessment is not standardized, and various factors may affect the measured exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal variation of selected microbial exposures and their associations with temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rates in Danish homes. Airborne inhalable dust was sampled in five Danish homes throughout the four seasons of 1 year (indoors, n = 127; outdoors, n = 37). Measurements included culturable fungi and bacteria, endotoxin, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase, total inflammatory potential, particles (0.75 to 15 μm), temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rates. Significant seasonal variation was found for all indoor microbial exposures, excluding endotoxin. Indoor fungi peaked in summer (median, 235 CFU/m(3)) and were lowest in winter (median, 26 CFU/m(3)). Indoor bacteria peaked in spring (median, 2,165 CFU/m(3)) and were lowest in summer (median, 240 CFU/m(3)). Concentrations of fungi were predominately higher outdoors than indoors, whereas bacteria, endotoxin, and inhalable dust concentrations were highest indoors. Bacteria and endotoxin correlated with the mass of inhalable dust and number of particles. Temperature and air exchange rates were positively associated with fungi and N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase and negatively with bacteria and the total inflammatory potential. Although temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rates were significantly associated with several indoor microbial exposures, they could not fully explain the observed seasonal variations when tested in a mixed statistical model. In conclusion, the season significantly affects indoor microbial exposures, which are influenced by temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rates.
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