ArticleValue in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
Conceptualizing a model: a report of the ISPOR-SMDM Modeling Good Research Practices Task Force--2.
Article in Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Reporting of Validation Efforts for Cancer Health Economic Decision Models.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness studies evaluating HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening - a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- The conceptualisation of cardiometabolic disease policy model in the UK.BMC health services research · 2024Pooled it
- Identifying best modelling practices for tobacco control policy simulations: a systematic review and a novel quality assessment framework.Tobacco control · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Inhibitors in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).PharmacoEconomics · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of the quality and scope of decision modelling studies in child oral health research.BMC oral health · 2021Pooled it
- Universal late pregnancy ultrasound screening to predict adverse outcomes in nulliparous women: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Generating evidence to inform health technology assessment of treatments for SLE: a systematic review of decision-analytic model-based economic evaluations.Lupus science & medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Systematic Literature Review and Critical Appraisal of Health Economic Models Used in Cost-Effectiveness Analyses in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Potential for Improvements.PharmacoEconomics · 2020Pooled it
- Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment Options for Neuropathic Pain: a Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics · 2019Pooled it
- Modeling Approaches in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Disease-Modifying Therapies for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: An Updated Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Economic Evaluations.PharmacoEconomics · 2018Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Model-Based Economic Evaluations of Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease.PharmacoEconomics · 2016Pooled it
- Minimal Residual Disease Evaluation in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: An Economic Analysis.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2016Pooled it
- The quality of economic evaluations of ultra-orphan drugs in Europe - a systematic review.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2015Pooled it
- Systematic narrative review of decision frameworks to select the appropriate modelling approaches for health economic evaluations.BMC research notes · 2015Pooled it
- A systematic review of the quality of economic models comparing thrombosis inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.PharmacoEconomics · 2014Pooled it
- Conceptualising Health Economic Models Using a Graph Retrieval-Augmented, Agentic AI Framework with Human-in-the-Loop Validation: Proof-of-Concept Study.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Article
- Modeling Framework for Economic Evaluation of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence Review and Expert Opinion.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Article
- Article
- Uncertainty in Economic Evaluation: A Pragmatic Guide for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Agencies in Resource-Constrained Settings.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Review
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The appropriate development of a model begins with understanding the problem that is being represented. The aim of this article was to provide a series of consensus-based best practices regarding the process of model conceptualization. For the purpose of this series of articles, we consider the development of models whose purpose is to inform medical decisions and health-related resource allocation questions. We specifically divide the conceptualization process into two distinct components: the conceptualization of the problem, which converts knowledge of the health care process or decision into a representation of the problem, followed by the conceptualization of the model itself, which matches the attributes and characteristics of a particular modeling type with the needs of the problem being represented. Recommendations are made regarding the structure of the modeling team, agreement on the statement of the problem, the structure, perspective, and target population of the model, and the interventions and outcomes represented. Best practices relating to the specific characteristics of model structure and which characteristics of the problem might be most easily represented in a specific modeling method are presented. Each section contains a number of recommendations that were iterated among the authors, as well as among the wider modeling taskforce, jointly set up by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research and the Society for Medical Decision Making.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.