ArticleBiotechnology for biofuels2012
Down-regulation of the caffeic acid O-methyltransferase gene in switchgrass reveals a novel monolignol analog.
Article in Biotechnology for biofuels, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Developmental changes in lignin composition are driven by both monolignol supply and laccase specificity.Science advances · 2022Article
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- Multi-omic characterization of bifunctional peroxidase 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase knockdown inFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- ALD1 accumulation in Arabidopsis epidermal plastids confers local and non-autonomous disease resistance.Journal of experimental botany · 2021Article
- Isolation, Characterization, and Pathogenicity of TwoMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- SilencingFrontiers in plant science · 2020Article
- A Robust Method to Quantify Cell Wall Bound Phenolics in Plant Suspension Culture Cells Using Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.Frontiers in plant science · 2020Article
- Identification of functional single nucleotide polymorphism ofPlant direct · 2020Article
- The nature of the progression of drought stress drives differential metabolomic responses in Populus deltoides.Annals of botany · 2019Article
- Ectopic Defense Gene Expression Is Associated with Growth Defects inPlant physiology · 2019Article
- 4-Coumarate 3-hydroxylase in the lignin biosynthesis pathway is a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Combining loss of function ofBiotechnology for biofuels · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelled
backgroundDown-regulation of the caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase EC 2.1.1.68 (COMT) gene in the lignin biosynthetic pathway of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) resulted in cell walls of transgenic plants releasing more constituent sugars after pretreatment by dilute acid and treatment with glycosyl hydrolases from an added enzyme preparation and from Clostridium thermocellum. Fermentation of both wild-type and transgenic switchgrass after milder hot water pretreatment with no water washing showed that only the transgenic switchgrass inhibited C. thermocellum. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS)-based metabolomics were undertaken on cell wall aqueous extracts to determine the nature of the microbial inhibitors.
resultsGCMS confirmed the increased concentration of a number of phenolic acids and aldehydes that are known inhibitors of microbial fermentation. Metabolomic analyses of the transgenic biomass additionally revealed the presence of a novel monolignol-like metabolite, identified as trans-3, 4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol (iso-sinapyl alcohol) in both non-pretreated, as well as hot water pretreated samples. iso-Sinapyl alcohol and its glucoside were subsequently generated by organic synthesis and the identity of natural and synthetic materials were confirmed by mass spectrometric and NMR analyses. The additional novel presence of iso-sinapic acid, iso-sinapyl aldehyde, and iso-syringin suggest the increased activity of a para-methyltransferase, concomitant with the reduced COMT activity, a strict meta-methyltransferase. Quantum chemical calculations were used to predict the most likely homodimeric lignans generated from dehydration reactions, but these products were not evident in plant samples.
conclusionsDown-regulation of COMT activity in switchgrass resulted in the accumulation of previously undetected metabolites resembling sinapyl alcohol and its related metabolites, but that are derived from para-methylation of 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol, and related precursors and products; the accumulation of which suggests altered metabolism of 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol in switchgrass. Given that there was no indication that iso-sinapyl alcohol was integrated in cell walls, it is considered a monolignol analog. Diversion of substrates from sinapyl alcohol to free iso-sinapyl alcohol, its glucoside, and associated upstream lignin pathway changes, including increased phenolic aldehydes and acids, are together associated with more facile cell wall deconstruction, and to the observed inhibitory effect on microbial growth. However, iso-sinapyl alcohol and iso-sinapic acid, added separately to media, were not inhibitory to C. thermocellum cultures.
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Registered trials
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