ArticleBMC microbiology2012
Molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance mechanisms of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline in Spain (1994-2006).
Article in BMC microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling Pediatric Group A Streptococcus Meningitis: Lessons from Two Case Reports and a Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Necrotizing Fasciitis: A Retrospective Review of the Microbiological Aspects and Factors Associated with Multi-Drug Resistance from a Saudi Tertiary Care Hospital.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- National Surveillance of Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Clindamycin Resistance in InvasiveAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes ofJournal of veterinary research · 2022Article
- The Non-phosphorylating Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase GapN Is a Potential New Drug Target inFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Molecular epidemiology, drug resistance, and virulence gene analysis ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Novel dithiocarbamate derivatives are effective copper-dependent antimicrobials againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Spain: a microbiological and epidemiological study covering the period 2007-2019.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2021Article
- Multidrug Resistance and Molecular Characterization ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- An Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Tormentic Acid Congener and Extracts FromAdvances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2020Article
- emm Types and clusters and macrolide resistance of pediatric group A streptococcal isolates in Central Greece during 2011-2017.PloS one · 2020Article
- Asymptomatic pharyngeal carriage rate of Streptococcus pyogenes, its associated factors and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among school children in Hawassa town, southern Ethiopia.BMC research notes · 2019Article
- Dose-dependent impact of oxytetracycline on the veal calf microbiome and resistome.BMC genomics · 2019Article
- Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes from Animal Clinical Specimens, Spain.Emerging infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Treatment Challenges of Group A Beta-hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngo-Tonsillitis.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2017Review
- Streptococcus pyogenes biofilms-formation, biology, and clinical relevance.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2015Review
- Article
- Detection of Streptococcus pyogenes by use of Illumigene group A Streptococcus assay.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2013Article
- Seven-year surveillance of emm types of pediatric Group A streptococcal pharyngitis isolates in Western Greece.PloS one · 2013Article
- Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis and carriage rate among Egyptian children: a case-control study.Annals of Saudi medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGroup A Streptococcus (GAS) causes human diseases ranging in severity from uncomplicated pharyngitis to life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis and shows high rates of macrolide resistance in several countries. Our goal is to identify antimicrobial resistance in Spanish GAS isolates collected between 1994 and 2006 and to determine the molecular epidemiology (emm/T typing and PFGE) and resistance mechanisms of those resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline.
resultsTwo hundred ninety-five out of 898 isolates (32.8%) were erythromycin resistant, with the predominance of emm4T4, emm75T25, and emm28T28, accounting the 67.1% of the 21 emm/T types. Spread of emm4T4, emm75T25 and emm28T28 resistant clones caused high rates of macrolide resistance. The distribution of the phenotypes was M (76.9%), cMLSB (20.3%), iMLSB (2.7%) with the involvement of the erythromycin resistance genes mef(A) (89.5%), msr(D) (81.7%), erm(B) (37.3%) and erm(A) (35.9%).Sixty-one isolates were tetracycline resistant, with the main representation of the emm77T28 among 20 emm/T types. To note, the combination of tet(M) and tet(O) tetracycline resistance genes were similar to tet(M) alone reaching values close to 40%. Resistance to both antibiotics was detected in 19 isolates of 7 emm/T types, being emm11T11 and the cMLSB phenotype the most frequent ones. erm(B) and tet(M) were present in almost all the strains, while erm(A), mef(A), msr(D) and tet(O) appeared in less than half of them.
conclusionsSpanish GAS were highly resistant to macrolides meanwhile showed minor resistance rate to tetracycline. A remarkable correlation between antimicrobial resistance and emm/T type was noticed. Clonal spread of emm4T4, emm75T25 and emm28T28 was the main responsable for macrolide resistance where as that emm77T28 clones were it to tetraclycline resistance. A wide variety of macrolide resistance genes were responsible for three macrolide resistance phenotypes.
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