ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2013
Amniotic fluid exhibits an innate inhibitory activity against HIV type 1 replication in vitro.
Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanistic insights into the impact of prenatal viral infections on maternal and offspring immunity.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Peptides in Early-Life Host Defense, Perinatal Infections, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis-An Update.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Understanding Viral and Immune Interplay During Vertical Transmission of HIV: Implications for Cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Indirect evidence suggests that amniotic fluid (AF) may play a role in the pathogenesis of in utero HIV-1 transmission. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential innate inhibitory role of AF on HIV replication, which may contribute to protection of the fetus against intrauterine transmission. AF was collected from term HIV-1-negative women undergoing scheduled cesarean section. The inhibitory effect of AF against HIV-1(BA-L) replication was tested in vitro with or without the addition of protease inhibitor cocktail (PIC) in PHA-stimulated PBMC cultures. Quantitative measurement of human neutrophil peptides 1-3 (HNP1-3) was performed on all AF samples, using an ELISA assay. AF exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory activity against HIV-1(BA-L) replication, with all samples (n=12) reaching significant inhibitory effect using 50% AF. In vitro, this activity decreased over time, but was able to be sustained with the addition of PIC. The HNP1-3 concentration in AF samples (n=12) ranged from undetectable (<41 pg/ml, n=3) to >250,000 pg/ml with a median of 5,146 pg/ml. AF exhibited a significant and dose-dependent innate inhibitory activity against HIV-1 replication, which was present in all AF samples tested. This effect was prolonged in the presence of PIC, suggesting that the inhibitory factor was in the cell-free protein fraction. The HNP1-3 concentration in AF was in the subinhibitory range for HIV with no correlation between its concentration and the HIV-1 inhibitory activity. These data show the presence of a significant innate inhibitory activity against HIV in AF.
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