Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22996328›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012

TGF-β blockade improves the distribution and efficacy of therapeutics in breast carcinoma by normalizing the tumor stroma.

Jieqiong Liu, Shan Liao, Benjamin Diop-Frimpong, Wei Chen, Shom Goel, Kamila Naxerova, Marek Ancukiewicz, Yves Boucher, Rakesh K Jain, Lei Xu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 197 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
197citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

197 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  4. Article
  5. Understanding and targeting the tumour matrisome.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Collagen remodeling in breast cancer progression: from molecular mechanisms to diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Metabolic starvation-induced cell swelling drives solid stress in tumors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Detecting vascular normalization in epithelial ovarian cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

137 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jieqiong LiuEdwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Shan Liao
Benjamin Diop-Frimpong
Wei Chen
Shom Goel
Kamila Naxerova
Marek Ancukiewicz
Yves Boucher
Rakesh K Jain
Lei Xu

Funding

Vascular Normalization: Rolse of Perivascular CellsP01CA080124 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI JAIN, RAKESH K. · 2000 to 2016
$35.0M
Integrative Biology of Tumor MetastasisR01CA085140 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI JAIN, RAKESH K. · 2005 to 2009
$8.6M
Probing Tumor Microenvironment Using NanotechnologyR01CA126642 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI JAIN, RAKESH K. · 2008 to 2012
$8.3M
Role of BMDCs in Solid Tumor Growth and RelapseR01CA115767 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI JAIN, RAKESH K. · 2006 to 2010
$2.2M
The role of lymphatic contraction in inflammation and cancer metastasisK99HL111343 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LIAO, SHAN · 2012 to 2013
$260k
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA080124NCI NIH HHS R01 CA085140NCI NIH HHS R01 CA115767NCI NIH HHS R01-CA115767NCI NIH HHS R01 CA126642NCI NIH HHS R01-CA126642NCI NIH HHS R01-CA85140NHLBI NIH HHS K99 HL111343
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although the role of TGF-β in tumor progression has been studied extensively, its impact on drug delivery in tumors remains far from understood. In this study, we examined the effect of TGF-β blockade on the delivery and efficacy of conventional therapeutics and nanotherapeutics in orthotopic mammary carcinoma mouse models. We used both genetic (overexpression of sTβRII, a soluble TGF-β type II receptor) and pharmacologic (1D11, a TGF-β neutralizing antibody) approaches to block TGF-β signaling. In two orthotopic mammary carcinoma models (human MDA-MB-231 and murine 4T1 cell lines), TGF-β blockade significantly decreased tumor growth and metastasis. TGF-β blockade also increased the recruitment and incorporation of perivascular cells into tumor blood vessels and increased the fraction of perfused vessels. Moreover, TGF-β blockade normalized the tumor interstitial matrix by decreasing collagen I content. As a result of this vessel and interstitial matrix normalization, TGF-β blockade improved the intratumoral penetration of both a low-molecular-weight conventional chemotherapeutic drug and a nanotherapeutic agent, leading to better control of tumor growth.

Indexed as

Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysAnimalsAntibiotics, AntineoplasticAntibodies, NeutralizingAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsApoptosisBlotting, WesternBreast NeoplasmsCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationCollagen Type IDoxorubicinFemaleHumansLung NeoplasmsMiceAntibiotics, AntineoplasticAntibodies, NeutralizingCollagen Type IDoxorubicinProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesReceptors, Transforming Growth Factor betaReceptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type IITransforming Growth Factor beta

Identifiers

PMID22996328
PMCPMC3478596

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.