ReviewEye (London, England)2013
Retinoblastoma frontiers with intravenous, intra-arterial, periocular, and intravitreal chemotherapy.
Review in Eye (London, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- VEGF overexpression is associated with optic nerve involvement and differentiation of retinoblastoma: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Comparison between intravenous chemotherapy and intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: a meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2018Pooled it
- Systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy for Group B intraocular retinoblastoma (ARET0331): A report from the Children's Oncology Group.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2017Trial
- Retinoblastoma management: achieving high standards of care.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Management of Retinoblastoma: A Challenge in Pediatric Ophthalmology.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- High-throughput screening of drug libraries identifies a new synergistic drug combination for the treatment of retinoblastoma.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Treatment Strategies for Retinoblastoma.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Outcomes and adverse events following intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: A single center study in South India.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- Update on Retinoblastoma Therapies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Global, regional, and national burden of retinoblastoma in children aged under 10 years from 1990 to 2021 and projections for future disease burden.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Injectable Dendrimer Hydrogel Delivers Melphalan in Both Conjugated and Free Forms for Retinoblastoma.Biomacromolecules · 2024Article
- EIF4A3-induced hsa_circ_0078136 inhibits the tumorigenesis of retinoblastoma via IL-17 signaling pathway.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Retinoblastoma: An update on genetic origin, classification, conventional to next-generation treatment strategies.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Updated retinoblastoma incidence and outcome in children in Taiwan from 1980 to 2019: a 40-year nationwide study.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Deciphering metabolic heterogeneity in retinoblastoma unravels the role of monocarboxylate transporter 1 in tumor progression.Biomarker research · 2024Article
- Advanced Interventional Treatments in Retinoblastoma Management: A Comprehensive Review.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2024Review
- Evidence in Focus: The Sparse Landscape of Randomized Trials on Retinoblastoma Treatment.Ocular oncology and pathology · 2024Review
- Incidence Trends, Clinicopathologic Characteristics, and Overall Survival Prediction in Retinoblastoma Children: SEER Prognostic Nomogram Analysis.The oncologist · 2024Article
- Molecular Biomarkers Detected Using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in a Filipino with Retinoblastoma.Acta medica Philippina · 2024Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this report, we explore retinoblastoma diagnostic accuracy and review chemotherapy alternatives for retinoblastoma using intravenous, intra-arterial, periocular, and intravitreal routes. A review of 2775 patients referred for management of retinoblastoma, disclosed 78% with confirmed retinoblastoma and 22% with simulating lesions, termed pseudoretinoblastomas. Children ≤2 years old showed leading pseudoretinoblastomas of persistent fetal vasculature, Coats disease, and vitreous haemorrhage, whereas those >5 years showed simulators of Coats, toxocariasis, and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. The diagnosis of retinoblastoma should be established before planning therapeutic strategy. Chemotherapy strategy depends on tumour laterality and stage of disease. If bilateral retinoblastoma, intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) is important as first-line therapy for control of intraocular disease, prevention of metastasis, and reduction in prevalence of pinealoblastoma and long-term second malignant neoplasms. Bilateral groups D and E retinoblastoma receive additional subtenon's carboplatin boost for improved local control. If unilateral disease is present, then intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) is often considered. IAC can be salvage therapy following chemoreduction failure. Unilateral retinoblastoma of groups D and E are managed with enucleation or globe-conserving IVC and/or IAC. Intravitreal chemotherapy is cautiously reserved for recurrent vitreous seeds following other therapies. In conclusion, the strategy for retinoblastoma management with chemotherapy depends on tumour laterality and stage of disease. Bilateral retinoblastoma is most often managed with IVC and unilateral retinoblastoma with IAC, but if advanced stage, combination IVC plus IAC or enucleation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.