Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2013
Psychiatric diagnoses among quitters versus continuing smokers 3 years after their quit day.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Smoking cessation for improving mental health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Cigarette smoking and depression comorbidity: systematic review and proposed theoretical model.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Pooled it
- The Effect of Positive and Negative Affect on Early Treatment Milestones in the Context of Integrated Smoking Treatment.Journal of addiction medicineTrial
- Attitudes, self-efficacy, and practice of psychiatrists to provide smoking cessation support among people with serious mental illness (SMI).BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Effects of chronic nicotine administration on behavioral parameters and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase mRNA expression in the brains of male Swiss Albino mice exposed to chronic stress during adolescence.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Depression Among U.S. Veterans: Longitudinal Associations With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Tobacco smoking and depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: Handling missing values in panel data with multiple imputation.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Targeted Intervention to Reduce Smoking among People with Severe Mental Illness: Implementation of a Smoking Cessation Intervention in an Inpatient Mental Health Setting.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2020Article
- Associations between depressive symptoms, cigarette smoking, and cardiovascular health: Longitudinal results from CARDIA.Journal of affective disorders · 2020Article
- Considering Systemic Barriers to Treating Tobacco Use in Clinical Settings in the United States.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Review
- Impact of quitting smoking and smoking cessation treatment on substance use outcomes: An updated and narrative review.Addictive behaviors · 2017Review
- Exploring Issues of Comorbid Conditions in People Who Smoke.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Review
- Negative mood reverses devaluation of goal-directed drug-seeking favouring an incentive learning account of drug dependence.Psychopharmacology · 2015Article
- Tobacco use treatment in primary care patients with psychiatric illness.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFMReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPeople with psychiatric disorders are more likely to smoke and smoke more heavily than the general population, and they suffer disproportionally from smoking-related illnesses. However, little is known about how quitting versus continuing to smoke affects mental health and the likelihood of developing a psychiatric diagnosis. This study used data from a large prospective clinical trial to examine the relations of smoking cessation success with psychiatric diagnoses 1 and 3 years after the target quit day.
methodsThis study enrolled 1504 smokers (83.9% white; 58.2% female) in a cessation trial that involved the completion of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to assess psychiatric diagnoses and biochemical confirmation of point-prevalence abstinence at Baseline and Years 1 and 3.
resultsRegression analyses showed that, after controlling for pre-quit (past-year) diagnoses, participants who were smoking at the Year 3 follow-up were more likely to have developed and maintained a substance use or major depressive disorder by that time than were individuals who were abstinent at Year 3.
conclusionsQuitting smoking does not appear to negatively influence mental health in the long-term and may be protective with respect to depression and substance use diagnoses; this should encourage smokers to make quit attempts and encourage clinicians to provide cessation treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.