ReviewBiochimica et biophysica acta2013
Glutathione synthesis.
Review in Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,068 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,068 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2,041 citations in OpenAlex.
- Compartment-specific oxidative stress signatures in oral leukoplakia: a systematic review of local and systemic biomarkers.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Key molecular networks underlying retinol's biphasic effects on cell proliferation through multi-omics integrative analysis using genome-scale metabolic modeling.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2027Article
- Targeting Cystine Addiction Suppresses Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Translating Blue Light Stimulation From Batch to Perfusion: Process and Intracellular Metabolic Analysis.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Article
- Observation of glutathione intra- and extracellular membrane with large Stokes shift probe modified by long alkyl chains.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026Article
- Cyclic azapeptide CD36 ligand attenuates cardiac injury and reduces long-chain fatty acid accumulation after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in mice.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Enzymatic/Mitochondrial Import Bottleneck in Sepsis with Possible Extensions to DIC: IV Glutathione and Hinokitiol as Potential Therapeutic Candidates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Crosstalk Between Nrf2 and Metabolic Pathways: Redox Regulation, Glutaminolysis, and Cellular Proliferation.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Energetic Decoding of VSMC Plasticity: Metabolic Reprogramming and Phenotypic Switching.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- Glutathione Relevance in the Response of CiliateBiology · 2026Article
- Dissipation of the mitochondrial proton motive force drives sepsis pathogenesis and explains hyperlactatemia's predictive value in sepsis mortality.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Genotype by Selenium Concentration Interactions for Selenium-Related Genes inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Decoding preeclampsia: A fusion of multi-view machine learning and multi-omics to identify putative inflammation-related mechanisms.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Article
- Protein turnover in plants-cost of synthesis, repair, and crop engineering opportunities.Plant physiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Mitochondrial Redox Failure Links Senescence-like Foam Cell Stress to Ferroptosis and Plaque Non-Resolution in Atherosclerosis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide Attenuates Lipotoxicity and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Through Restoration of Autophagy and Reduction in Oxidative Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Glutathione Biology in Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms, Pathophysiological Roles, and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cortex Phellodendri Extract Supplementation Alleviates Intestinal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Microbiota Dysbiosis in Early Weaning Piglets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
1,008 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGlutathione (GSH) is present in all mammalian tissues as the most abundant non-protein thiol that defends against oxidative stress. GSH is also a key determinant of redox signaling, vital in detoxification of xenobiotics, and regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune function, and fibrogenesis. Biosynthesis of GSH occurs in the cytosol in a tightly regulated manner. Key determinants of GSH synthesis are the availability of the sulfur amino acid precursor, cysteine, and the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which is composed of a catalytic (GCLC) and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. The second enzyme of GSH synthesis is GSH synthetase (GS). SCOPE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes key functions of GSH and focuses on factors that regulate the biosynthesis of GSH, including pathological conditions where GSH synthesis is dysregulated. MAJOR
conclusionsGCL subunits and GS are regulated at multiple levels and often in a coordinated manner. Key transcription factors that regulate the expression of these genes include NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) via the antioxidant response element (ARE), AP-1, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). There is increasing evidence that dysregulation of GSH synthesis contributes to the pathogenesis of many pathological conditions. These include diabetes mellitus, pulmonary and liver fibrosis, alcoholic liver disease, cholestatic liver injury, endotoxemia and drug-resistant tumor cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: GSH is a key antioxidant that also modulates diverse cellular processes. A better understanding of how its synthesis is regulated and dysregulated in disease states may lead to improvement in the treatment of these disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Cellular functions of glutathione.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.