ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2012
Thymic function is maintained during Salmonella-induced atrophy and recovery.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endogenous thymic regeneration: restoring T cell production following injury.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Effects of lipopolysaccharide administration on thymus damage, antioxidant capacity and immune function in weaned piglets.Journal of veterinary research · 2025Article
- Primary and secondary defects of the thymus.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- The thymus road to a T cell: migration, selection, and atrophy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Immune Responses to Influenza D Virus in Calves Previously Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2.Viruses · 2023Article
- Thymus, undernutrition, and infection: Approaching cellular and molecular interactions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- T cell regeneration after immunological injury.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2021Review
- Infection-Associated Thymic Atrophy.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Control of PersistentPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection Causes Host Immunomodulation through Induction of Thymic Atrophy.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Understanding Infection-Induced Thrombosis: Lessons Learned From Animal Models.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Lipopolysaccharide induces acute bursal atrophy in broiler chicks by activating TLR4-MAPK-NF-κB/AP-1 signaling.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Salmonella infection: Interplay between the bacteria and host immune system.Immunology letters · 2017Review
- Soluble antigens from the neurotropic pathogen Angiostrongylus cantonensis directly induce thymus atrophy in a mouse model.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Differential susceptibility and maturation of thymocyte subsets during Salmonella Typhimurium infection: insights on the roles of glucocorticoids and Interferon-gamma.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Systemic toxoplasma infection triggers a long-term defect in the generation and function of naive T lymphocytes.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2016Article
- Accelerated Loss of TCR Repertoire Diversity in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Transcriptome analysis indicated that Salmonella lipopolysaccharide-induced thymocyte death and thymic atrophy were related to TLR4-FOS/JUN pathway in chicks.BMC genomics · 2016Article
- Bacterial clearance reverses a skewed T-cell repertoire induced by Salmonella infection.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2015Article
- Soluble flagellin coimmunization attenuates Th1 priming to Salmonella and clearance by modulating dendritic cell activation and cytokine production.European journal of immunology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Thymic atrophy is a frequent consequence of infection with bacteria, viruses, and parasites and is considered a common virulence trait between pathogens. Multiple reasons have been proposed to explain this atrophy, including premature egress of immature thymocytes, increased apoptosis, or thymic shutdown to prevent tolerance to the pathogen from developing. The severe loss in thymic cell number can reflect an equally dramatic reduction in thymic output, potentially reducing peripheral T cell numbers. In this study, we examine the relationship between systemic Salmonella infection and thymic function. During infection, naive T cell numbers in peripheral lymphoid organs increase. Nevertheless, this occurs despite a pronounced thymic atrophy caused by viable bacteria, with a peak 50-fold reduction in thymocyte numbers. Thymic atrophy is not dependent upon homeostatic feedback from peripheral T cells or on regulation of endogenous glucocorticoids, as demonstrated by infection of genetically altered mice. Once bacterial numbers fall, thymocyte numbers recover, and this is associated with increases in the proportion and proliferation of early thymic progenitors. During atrophy, thymic T cell maturation is maintained, and single-joint TCR rearrangement excision circle analysis reveals there is only a modest fall in recent CD4(+) thymic emigrants in secondary lymphoid tissues. Thus, thymic atrophy does not necessarily result in a matching dysfunctional T cell output, and thymic homeostasis can constantly adjust to systemic infection to ensure that naive T cell output is maintained.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.