Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22992651›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012

Cell-type specific deletion of GABA(A)α1 in corticotropin-releasing factor-containing neurons enhances anxiety and disrupts fear extinction.

Georgette M Gafford, Ji-Dong Guo, Elizabeth I Flandreau, Rimi Hazra, Donald G Rainnie, Kerry J Ressler

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. GABACellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026
    Review
  2. βInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  3. Synaptic Effects Induced by Alcohol.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025
    Review
  4. Emphasizing the Crosstalk Between Inflammatory and Neural Signaling in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Presynaptic GABAPsychopharmacology · 2021
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Sex differences in fear extinction.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2019
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Georgette M GaffordCenter for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Ji-Dong Guo
Elizabeth I Flandreau
Rimi Hazra
Donald G Rainnie
Kerry J Ressler
Emory University · USCenter for Neurosciences · USSalk Institute for Biological Studies · US

Funding

YNPRC NHP CLINICAL MEDICINE RESIDENCY PROGRAM - SUPPLEMENTP51RR000165 · NCRR · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI RENGARAJAN, JYOTHI · 1985 to 2011
$114.0M
Stress-Induced Gene Regulation: BNST CRF Neurons and the Physiology of AnxietyR01MH072908 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI YOUNG, LARRY J · 2005 to 2020
$6.0M
Molecular Regulation of GABA(A) Receptor Function in AmygdalaR01DA019624 · NIDA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI RESSLER, KERRY J. · 2006 to 2010
$1.8M
GABAergic and glucocorticoid regulation of CRH neurons and extinction of fearF32MH090785 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI GAFFORD, GEORGETTE MARIE · 2010 to 2012
$153k
NCRR NIH HHS P51 RR000165NCRR NIH HHS P51RR000165NIDA NIH HHS DA019624NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA019624NIMH NIH HHS F32 MH090785NIMH NIH HHS F32MH090785NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH072908
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is critical for the endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stressors, and it has been shown to modulate fear and anxiety. The CRF receptor is widely expressed across a variety of cell types, impeding progress toward understanding the contribution of specific CRF-containing neurons to fear dysregulation. We used a unique CRF-Cre driver transgenic mouse line to remove floxed GABA(A)α1 subunits specifically from CRF neurons [CRF-GABA(A)α1 KO]. This process resulted in mice with decreased GABA(A)α1 expression only in CRF neurons and increased CRF mRNA within the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These mice show normal locomotor and pain responses and no difference in depressive-like behavior or Pavlovian fear conditioning. However, CRF-GABA(A)α1 KO increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired extinction of conditioned fear, coincident with an increase in plasma corticosterone concentration. These behavioral impairments were rescued with systemic or BNST infusion of the CRF antagonist R121919. Infusion of Zolpidem, a GABA(A)α1-preferring benzodiazepine-site agonist, into the BNST of the CRF-GABA(A)α1 KO was ineffective at decreasing anxiety. Electrophysiological findings suggest a disruption in inhibitory current may play a role in these changes. These data indicate that disturbance of CRF containing GABA(A)α1 neurons causes increased anxiety and impaired fear extinction, both of which are symptoms diagnostic for anxiety disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder.

Indexed as

Analysis of VarianceAnimalsAnxietyConditioning, PsychologicalCorticosteroneCorticotropin-Releasing HormoneDNA PrimersExtinction, PsychologicalFearIn Situ HybridizationIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceMaze LearningMiceMice, TransgenicNeuronsPatch-Clamp TechniquesCorticosteroneCorticotropin-Releasing HormoneDNA PrimersPyridinesPyrimidinesR 121919Receptors, GABA-AZolpidem

Identifiers

PMID22992651
PMCPMC3479581
OpenAlexW2023989159

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.