SynthesisBMC psychiatry2012
A systematic review of the long-term outcome of early onset schizophrenia.
Synthesis in BMC psychiatry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Memory deficits in children and adolescents with a psychotic disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Predictors of long-term outcome of patients with schizophrenia in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Knowledge domain and trends in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) research based on CiteSpace bibliometrics analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Negative symptoms in children and adolescents with early-onset psychosis and at clinical high-risk for psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2023Pooled it
- Schizophrenia outcomes in the 21st century: A systematic review.Brain and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Relationships between early age at onset of psychotic symptoms and treatment resistant schizophrenia.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Blonanserin Oral Tablet in Adolescents with Schizophrenia: A 6-Week, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Psychological intervention, antipsychotic medication or a combined treatment for adolescents with a first episode of psychosis: the MAPS feasibility three-arm RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2021Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Lurasidone in Adolescents with Schizophrenia: A 6-Week, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Association of schizophrenia onset age and white matter integrity with treatment effect of D-cycloserine: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study.BMC psychiatry · 2017Trial
- Early response or nonresponse at week 2 and week 3 predict ultimate response or nonresponse in adolescents with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine: results from a 6-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2015Trial
- Outcome of Youth with Early-Phase Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders and Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified Treated with Second-Generation Antipsychotics: 12 Week Results from a Prospective, Naturalistic Cohort Study.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Cerebral cortical alterations in adolescent early-onset psychosis: a surface-based morphometry mega-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Decoupling of amygdala-salience circuit associated with negative symptoms in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Case report of S-ketamine as treatment option for suicidal ideation and treatment-resistant depression in adolescents with early-onset psychosis.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2026Article
- Exome sequencing and metabolite profiling identifies genetic variants associated with altered metabolism in early-onset schizophrenia.iScience · 2026Article
- Associations between mosaic loss and schizophrenia or bipolar disorder of young age.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Family Interventions for Children and Adolescents with Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Review
- Age-Dependent Corpus Callosum Thickness Abnormalities and Clinical Implications in Treatment-Naïve First-Episode Schizophrenia.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe current review analyzes the long-term outcome and prognosis of early onset schizophrenia based on previously published studies in 1980.
methodsA systematic search of articles published in the English-language literature after 1980 identified a total of 21 studies, which included 716 patients who were either suffering from early onset schizophrenia (EOS) or both EOS and other psychotic disorders (MIX). The authors of the current review scored the outcome as either "good," "moderate," or "poor." The mean age of onset in these studies was <18 years.
resultsIn general, the outcome in studies with EOS is worse than the outcome in MIX studies. Only 15.4% of the patients in EOS studies versus 19.6% of the patients in MIX studies experienced a "good" outcome. In contrast, 24.5% of the patients in EOS studies versus 33.6% in MIX studies experienced a "moderate" outcome, and 60.1% in EOS studies versus 46.8% in MIX studies experienced a "poor" outcome. The authors identified various significant effects on outcome. In EOS, the findings were significantly affected by sample attrition, indicating that in studies with a high dropout rate, fewer patients experienced a "moderate" outcome, and more patients experienced a "poor" outcome; however, the effect sizes were small. Furthermore, the effects were also small and more favourable for specific functioning measures, as opposed to more global measures, small to moderate in terms of worse outcomes for follow-up periods >10 years, small to moderate for more unfavourable outcomes in males, and small to large for worse outcomes in studies including patients diagnosed before 1970.
conclusionsIn contrast to the adult manifestation, the early manifestation of schizophrenia in childhood and adolescence still carries a particularly poor prognosis. According to these aggregated data analyses, longer follow-up periods, male sex, and patients having been diagnosed before 1970 contribute predominantly to the rather poor course of EOS.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.