Trial reportAmerican journal of preventive medicine2012
Mailed intervention to promote sun protection of children: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in American journal of preventive medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Sun protection changes among diverse elementary schoolchildren participating in a sun safety intervention: A latent transition analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Preventive medicine · 2021Trial
- Translation of a Ski School Sun Safety Program to North American Ski and Snowboard Schools.Health promotion practice · 2015Trial
- The parent-child dyad and risk perceptions among parents who quit smoking.American journal of preventive medicine · 2014Trial
- Effectiveness of web-based tailored advice on parents' child safety behaviors: randomized controlled trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2014Trial
- Randomized controlled trial of a sun protection intervention for children of melanoma survivors.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2013Trial
- The Effects of a Parent-Focused Social Media Intervention on Child Sun Safety: Pilot and Feasibility Study.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- A Review of the Impact of Sun Safety Interventions in Children.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2023Review
- Making of Mobile SunSmart: Co-designing a Just-in-Time Sun Protection Intervention for Children and Parents.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2021Article
- Testing Multi-Theory Model (MTM) in Explaining Sunscreen Use among Florida Residents: An Integrative Approach for Sun Protection.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Trajectories of Nevus Development From Age 3 to 16 Years in the Colorado Kids Sun Care Program Cohort.JAMA dermatology · 2018Article
- Pediatric melanoma: incidence, treatment, and prognosis.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2017Review
- Recall of indoor tanning salon warnings and safety guidelines among a national sample of tanners.Translational behavioral medicine · 2016Article
- SunSmart: evaluation of a pilot school-based sun protection intervention in Hispanic early adolescents.Health education research · 2015Article
- Mediation analysis of decisional balance, sun avoidance and sunscreen use in the precontemplation and preparation stages for sun protection.Psychology & health · 2015Article
- Brazilian consensus on photoprotection.Anais brasileiros de dermatologiaArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSun exposure, especially during childhood, is the most important preventable risk factor for skin cancer, yet few effective interventions to reduce exposure exist. PURPOSE: To test the effectiveness of a partially tailored mailed intervention based on the Precaution Adoption Process Model, delivered in the spring over 3 years to parents and children.
designRCT, with data collection through telephone interviews of parents and skin exams of children at baseline (Summer 2004) and annually (Summer 2005-2007). The control group received no intervention. SETTING/
participantsFamilies recruited in the Denver CO area, through private pediatric clinics, a large MCO, and community settings. Children born in 1998 were approximately 6 years of age at baseline; 867 children met inclusion criteria; analysis is reported for 677 white, non-Hispanic participants at highest risk for skin cancer.
main outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were parent-reported child sun protection behaviors. Secondary outcomes included parents' risk perception, perceived effectiveness of and barriers to prevention behaviors, stage of change, reported sunburns, and observed tanning and nevus development. The longitudinal mixed-model analysis was conducted between 2008 and 2011.
resultsThe intervention group reported more use of sunscreen, protective clothing, hats, shade-seeking, and midday sun avoidance; fewer sunburns; more awareness of the risk of skin cancer; higher perceived effectiveness of sun protection; higher stage of change; and lower perception of barriers to sun protection (all p<0.05). The intervention group had fewer nevi ≥2 mm in 1 year of the study, 2006 (p=0.03). No differences were found in tanning or nevi <2 mm.
conclusionsThe level of behavior change associated with this single-modality intervention is not likely sufficient to reduce skin cancer risk. However, the intervention shows promise for inclusion in longer-term, multicomponent interventions that have sufficient intensity to affect skin cancer incidence.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.