ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2012
Weight loss and dropout during a commercial weight-loss program including a very-low-calorie diet, a low-calorie diet, or restricted normal food: observational cohort study.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06275347 (Comparative Study of the Response to Weight Loss and Metabolic Conditions Using Two Non-pharmacological Nutritional Programs), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Study of the Response to Weight Loss and Metabolic Conditions Using Two Non-pharmacological Nutritional Programs
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of total diet replacement programs on mental well-being: A systematic review with meta-analyses.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of anti-obesity drugs, diet, and exercise on weight-loss maintenance after a very-low-calorie diet or low-calorie diet: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2014Pooled it
- Visceral Fat-Reducing Effect of Novel Dietary Intervention Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Japanese Males.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Efficacy and Sustainability of Diabetes-Specific Meal Replacement on Obese and Overweight Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Study Approaches for a Randomised Controlled Trial and Impact of COVID-19 on Trial Progress.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Plasma metabolites and lipids predict insulin sensitivity improvement in obese, nondiabetic individuals after a 2-phase dietary intervention.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2018Trial
- Short-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet interventional weight loss program versus hypocaloric diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nutrition & diabetes · 2016Trial
- Predictors of weight loss in young adults who are over-weight or obese and have psychosocial problems: a post hoc analysis.BMC family practice · 2016Trial
- Long-term weight maintenance after a 17-week weight loss intervention with or without a one-year maintenance program: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of obesity · 2015Trial
- Comparison of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet with a standard low-calorie diet in the treatment of obesity.Endocrine · 2014Trial
- Tailored behavioral medicine intervention for enhanced physical activity and healthy eating in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and overweight.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2014Trial
- Optimizing Goal Difficulty in a Digital Weight Loss Intervention: The Ignite Pilot Randomized Trial.Obesity science & practice · 2026Article
- Time-restricted feeding during the inactive phase vs.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Diet and Lifestyle Interventions in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Effects of a Telenutrition Weight Loss Program Supported with Telemonitoring and Telehealth Coaching on Anthropometric and Biochemical Measures in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Frequency of Meal-Replacement Products Drinking and All-Cause, CVD, and Cancer Mortality.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Article
- Opioid Use After Gastric Bypass, Sleeve Gastrectomy or Intensive Lifestyle Intervention.Annals of surgery · 2023Article
- Evidence and consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for management of overweight and obesity in midlife women: An AIIMS-DST initiative.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Review
- Comparison of Sleeve Gastrectomy vs Intensive Lifestyle Modification in Patients With a BMI of 30 to Less Than 35.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- The Impact of the Rate of Weight Loss on Body Composition and Metabolism.Current obesity reports · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe effectiveness of commercial weight-loss programs consisting of very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs) and low-calorie diets (LCDs) is unclear.
objectiveThe aim of the study was to quantify weight loss and dropout during a commercial weight-loss program in Sweden (Itrim; cost: $1300/€1000; all participants paid their own fee).
designThis observational cohort study linked commercial weight-loss data with National Health Care Registers. Weight loss was induced with a 500-kcal liquid-formula VLCD [n = 3773; BMI (in kg/m(2)): 34 ± 5 (mean ± SD); 80% women; 45 ± 12 y of age (mean ± SD)], a 1200-1500-kcal formula and food-combination LCD (n = 4588; BMI: 30 ± 4; 86% women; 50 ± 11 y of age), and a 1500-1800-kcal/d restricted normal-food diet (n = 676; BMI: 29 ± 5; 81% women; 51 ± 12 y of age). Maintenance strategies included exercise and a calorie-restricted diet. Weight loss was analyzed by using an intention-to-treat analysis (baseline substitution).
resultsAfter 1 y, mean (±SD) weight changes were -11.4 ± 9.1 kg with the VLCD (18% dropout), -6.8 ± 6.4 kg with the LCD (23% dropout), and -5.1 ± 5.9 kg with the restricted normal-food diet (26% dropout). In an adjusted analysis, the VLCD group lost 2.8 kg (95% CI: 2.5, 3.2) and 3.8 kg (95% CI: 3.2, 4.5) more than did the LCD and restricted normal-food groups, respectively. A high baseline BMI and rapid initial weight loss were both independently associated with greater 1-y weight loss (P < 0.001). Younger age and low initial weight loss predicted an increased dropout rate (P < 0.001). Treatment of depression (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.9) and psychosis (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.1, 6.3) were associated with an increased dropout rate in the VLCD group.
conclusionA commercial weight-loss program, particularly one using a VLCD, was effective at reducing body weight in self-selected, self-paying adults.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.