ArticleBlood2012
Paucity of IL-21-producing CD4(+) T cells is associated with Th17 cell depletion in SIV infection of rhesus macaques.
Article in Blood, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Hitchhiker Guide to CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Identification of novel HIV-1 dependency factors in primary CCR4(+)CCR6(+)Th17 cells via a genome-wide transcriptional approach.Retrovirology · 2015Pooled it
- Systems analysis reveals differential expression of endocervical genes in African women randomized to DMPA-IM, LNG implant or cu-IUD.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Modulation of pulmonary IL-21 expression during latent TB and M. tuberculosis/SIV coinfection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- IL-21 and anti-α4β7 dual therapy during ART promotes immunological and microbiome responses in SIV-infected macaques.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Viremic non-progression in HIV/SIV infection: A tied game between virus and host.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Review
- Dual blockade of IL-10 and PD-1 leads to control of SIV viral rebound following analytical treatment interruption.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- The role of CD101-expressing CD4 T cells in HIV/SIV pathogenesis and persistence.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Interleukin-10 contributes to reservoir establishment and persistence in SIV-infected macaques treated with antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Systems Analysis Reveals Contraceptive-Induced Alteration of Cervicovaginal Gene Expression in a Randomized Trial.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Article
- Interleukin-21 in Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Role of NKG2a/ciScience · 2021Article
- Dysregulation of IL-17/IL-22 Effector Functions in Blood and Gut Mucosal Gamma Delta T Cells Correlates With Increase in Circulating Leaky Gut and Inflammatory Markers During cART-Treated Chronic SIV Infection in Macaques.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Gut Microbiome Homeostasis and the CD4 T- Follicular Helper Cell IgA Axis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Altered T-Cell Subsets are Associated with Dysregulated Cytokine Secretion of CD4Journal of inflammation research · 2021Article
- Virologic and Immunologic Features of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Control Post-ART Interruption in Rhesus Macaques.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- PLA2G1B is involved in CD4 anergy and CD4 lymphopenia in HIV-infected patients.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Safety and Immunological Evaluation of Interleukin-21 Plus Anti-α4β7 mAb Combination Therapy in Rhesus Macaques.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infects Functionally Polarized Memory CD4 T Cells EquivalentlyJournal of virology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
IL-21 regulates Th17 cell homeostasis, enhances the differentiation of memory B cells and antibody-secreting plasma cells, and promotes the maintenance of CD8(+) T-cell responses. In this study, we investigated the phenotype, function, and frequency of blood and intestinal IL-21-producing cells in nonhuman primates that are hosts of progressive (rhesus macaques [RMs]) and nonprogressive (sooty mangabeys [SMs]) SIV infection. We found that, in both species, memory CD4(+)CD95(+)CCR6(-) T cells are the main IL-21 producers, and that only a small fraction of CD4(+)IL-21(+) T cells produce IL-17. During chronic SIV infection of RMs, CD4(+)IL-21(+) T cells were significantly depleted in both blood and rectal mucosa, with the extent of this depletion correlating with the loss of Th17 cells. Furthermore, treatment with IL-21 increased the in vivo levels of Th17 cells in SIV-infected RMs. In contrast, normal levels of CD4(+)IL-21(+) T cells were found in SIV-infected SMs. Collectively, these data indicate that depletion of IL-21-producing CD4(+) T cells distinguishes progressive from nonprogressive SIV infection of RMs and SMs, and suggest that depletion of CD4(+)IL-21(+) T cells is involved in the preferential loss of Th17 cells that is associated with SIV disease progression. Further preclinical studies of IL-21 as a potential immunotherapeutic agent for HIV infection may be warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.