ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2012
"We don't exist": a qualitative study of marginalization experienced by HIV-positive lesbian, bisexual, queer and transgender women in Toronto, Canada.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Telehealth Models for PrEP Delivery: A Systematic Review of Acceptability, Implementation, and Impact on the PrEP Care Continuum in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Institutional Violence Perpetrated against Transgender Individuals in Health Services: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- LGBTQI + Migrants: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework of Health, Safety and Wellbeing during Migration.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- A qualitative study of the ecology of stigma experiences - An application of the ecological model to stigma experiences of trans-women from Ghana. BSGH019.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Profiles of HIV/AIDS stigma and psychological well-being in relation to embodiment among people living with HIV.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Community-Partnered Development of Behavioral Economic Incentives in a Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Intervention for Transgender and Nonbinary Clients in Los Angeles.Research square · 2025Article
- Exploring HIV Risk Among Sexual Minority Women by Identity and Behavior in a Population-Based Sample of Low-Income Heterosexually Active Women.LGBT health · 2025Article
- Recommendations for promoting affirming healthcare for gender and sexual minorities with intersecting marginalized identities.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Examining Experiences of Gender Identities, Roles, and Relations among Men with Same-Gender Sexual Histories: Implications of Gender Nonconformity on Access to Quality Healthcare in Urban Ghana.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Experiences of violence and abuse among transgender women in healthcare settings in Uganda: a community-engaged qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Transgender Individuals' Perspectives on Teledermatology-Based Acne Research.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- "Frontiers in sociology · 2025Article
- Lessons Learned from a Community-led, Pilot Teletherapy Group for Older Women Living with Depression and HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Recruitment tools for transgender and gender diverse veterans in health care research.Psychological services · 2024Article
- Between worlds: Cis-and trans-identifying diaspora Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) women in Ontario, Canada on the intersections of gender, sexuality and sexual health.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Sexual and Reproductive Justice and Health Equity for LGBTQ+ Women.Journal of lesbian studies · 2024Review
- Brief Report: Social Factors Associated With Trajectories of HIV-Related Stigma and Everyday Discrimination Among Women Living With HIV in Vancouver, Canada: Longitudinal Cohort Findings.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2023Article
- Engaging transgender women in HIV research in South Africa.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Beyond HIV: An urgent need for a syndemic and gender-based approach in the Prairie provinces in Canada.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2023Article
- Implementing buprenorphine prolonged-release injection using a health at the margins approach for transactional sex-workers.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLesbian, bisexual, queer and transgender (LBQT) women living with HIV have been described as invisible and understudied. Yet, social and structural contexts of violence and discrimination exacerbate the risk of HIV infection among LBQT women. The study objective was to explore challenges in daily life and experiences of accessing HIV services among HIV-positive LBQT women in Toronto, Canada.
methodsWe used a community-based qualitative approach guided by an intersectional theoretical framework. We conducted two focus groups; one focus group was conducted with HIV-positive lesbian, bisexual and queer women (n = 7) and the second with HIV-positive transgender women (n = 16). Participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Focus groups were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing data to enhance understanding of factors that influence the wellbeing of HIV-positive LBQT women.
resultsParticipant narratives revealed a trajectory of marginalization. Structural factors such as social exclusion and violence elevated the risk for HIV infection; this risk was exacerbated by inadequate HIV prevention information. Participants described multiple barriers to HIV care and support, including pervasive HIV-related stigma, heteronormative assumptions in HIV-positive women's services and discriminatory and incompetent treatment by health professionals. Underrepresentation of LBQT women in HIV research further contributed to marginalization and exclusion. Participants expressed a willingness to participate in HIV research that would be translated into action.
conclusionsStructural factors elevate HIV risk among LBQT women, limit access to HIV prevention and present barriers to HIV care and support. This study's conceptualization of a trajectory of marginalization enriches the discussion of structural factors implicated in the wellbeing of LBQT women and highlights the necessity of addressing LBQT women's needs in HIV prevention, care and research. Interventions that address intersecting forms of marginalization (e.g. sexual stigma, transphobia, HIV-related stigma) in community and social norms, HIV programming and research are required to promote health equity among LBQT women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.