ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Cyclic di-GMP stimulates biofilm formation and inhibits virulence of Francisella novicida.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of carABpyrB operon and role of pyrE in Francisella novicida biofilm.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Treatment of bacterial biothreat agents with a novel purified bioactive lactoferrin affects both growth and biofilm formation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- TolC and EmrA1 contribute toJournal of bacteriology · 2024Article
- Nucleotides as Bacterial Second Messengers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Cyclic di-GMP Regulates the Type III Secretion System and Virulence in Bordetella bronchiseptica.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Why vary what's working? Phase variation and biofilm formation inFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- A diguanylate cyclase regulates biofilm formation in3 Biotech · 2022Article
- Long-Term Survival of Virulent Tularemia Pathogens outside a Host in Conditions That Mimic Natural Aquatic Environments.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Phase Variation of LPS and Capsule Is Responsible for Stochastic Biofilm Formation inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Genetic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Mechanisms Affecting the Acquisition, Persistence and Transmission ofMicroorganisms · 2020Review
- Control ofMicroorganisms · 2020Review
- Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance in Surrogates ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Francisella novicida and F. philomiragia biofilm features conditionning fitness in spring water and in presence of antibiotics.PloS one · 2020Article
- Formation of the Francisella tularensis Biofilm is Affected by Cell Surface Glycosylation, Growth Medium, and a Glucan Exopolysaccharide.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Innate Immune Recognition: An Issue More Complex Than Expected.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Transcription Elongation Factor GreA Plays a Key Role in Cellular Invasion and Virulence of Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- CodY-Mediated c-di-GMP-Dependent Inhibition of Mammalian Cell Invasion in Listeria monocytogenes.Journal of bacteriology · 2018Article
- Global Transcriptional Response to Organic Hydroperoxide and the Role of OhrR in the Control of Virulence Traits in Chromobacterium violaceum.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative bacterium that is highly virulent in humans, causing the disease tularemia. F. novicida is closely related to F. tularensis and exhibits high virulence in mice, but it is avirulent in healthy humans. An F. novicida-specific gene cluster (FTN0451 to FTN0456) encodes two proteins with diguanylate cyclase (DGC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) domains that modulate the synthesis and degradation of cyclic di-GMP (cdGMP). No DGC- or PDE-encoding protein genes are present in the F. tularensis genome. F. novicida strains lacking either the two DGC/PDE genes (cdgA and cdgB) or the entire gene cluster (strain KKF457) are defective for biofilm formation. In addition, expression of CdgB or a heterologous DGC in strain KKF457 stimulated F. novicida biofilms, even in a strain lacking the biofilm regulator QseB. Genetic evidence suggests that CdgA is predominantly a PDE, while CdgB is predominantly a DGC. The F. novicida qseB strain showed reduced cdgA and cdgB transcript levels, demonstrating an F. novicida biofilm signaling cascade that controls cdGMP levels. Interestingly, KKF457 with elevated cdGMP levels exhibited a decrease in intramacrophage replication and virulence in mice, as well as increased growth yields and biofilm formation in vitro. Microarray analyses revealed that cdGMP stimulated the transcription of a chitinase (ChiB) known to contribute to biofilm formation. Our results indicate that elevated cdGMP in F. novicida stimulates biofilm formation and inhibits virulence. We suggest that differences in human virulence between F. novicida and F. tularensis may be due in part to the absence of cdGMP signaling in F. tularensis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.