ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2012
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07760415 (Electroencephalogram Changes and Cognitive Function Profiles in Sepsis Patients With Different Inflammatory Phenotypes), which is not on this map. Cited by 462 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Electroencephalogram Changes and Cognitive Function Profiles in Sepsis Patients With Different Inflammatory Phenotypes
Who cites it
462 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 772 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanism-informed diagnostic accuracy of blood biomarkers for sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a systematic review and Bayesian diagnostic network meta-analysis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- New trends and hotspots in Sepsis-associated encephalopathy research: a bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Unveiling neurogenic biomarkers for the differentiation between sepsis patients with or without encephalopathy: an updated meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic models for sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- The core role of central nervous system in sepsis-related organ damage.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- A multistage micro-nano biosystem prevents sepsis-associated encephalopathy through coordinated neuroinflammation suppression and gut-brain axis modulation.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- The mechanism of Phosphatidylethanolamine-Binding Protein 1 in Neuro-Related Diseases.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Review
- Evaluation of modafinil's neuroprotective effects in lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis-associated encephalopathy: associations with GSK3β, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptotic signaling.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- TREM2 Attenuates Microglial Pyroptosis in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Through Modulation of the mtDNA-cGAS-STING Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Rehabilitation and the post-intensive care syndrome across the recovery continuum: a narrative review.Intensive care medicine · 2026Review
- SIRT1 Activation Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in a Murine SAE Model and is Associated with the Nrf2/GPX4 Pathway.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Transcriptome and Experimental Verification Identified Candidate Biomarkers Related to Mitochondrial Metabolism in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Comorbidities and Inflammation: How Chronic Diseases Prime the Host Response in Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Current knowledge and challenges of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.Intensive care medicine · 2026Review
- Coordinated response of vascular and glial cells in a pig model of sepsis.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Hydrogen alleviates sepsis-associated encephalopathy via ATG9B-dependent mitophagy.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Cognitive Recovery After Critical Illness: Trajectories in Sepsis and Non-Sepsis Survivors.Journal of intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Ulinastatin Treatment Associated with Lower Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Risk in Sepsis Patients: A Multicenter Observational Study.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Observational
- Microglia-Targeted Biomimetic Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid Nanovesicles for Synergistic Treatment of Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Bloodstream infections and Blood-Brain barrier Permeability: An observational cohort study.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Observational
402 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse brain dysfunction that occurs secondary to infection in the body without overt CNS infection. SAE is frequently encountered in critically ill patients in intensive care units, and in up to 70% of patients with severe systemic infection. The severity of SAE can range from mild delirium to deep coma. Seizures and myoclonus are infrequent and cranial nerves are almost always spared, but most severe cases have an associated critical illness neuromyopathy. Development of SAE probably involves a number of mechanisms that are not mutually exclusive and vary from patient to patient. Substantial neurological and psychological morbidities often occur in survivors. Mortality is almost always due to multiorgan failure rather than neurological complications, and is almost 70% in patients with severe SAE. Further research into the pathophysiology, management and prevention of SAE is needed. This Review discusses the epidemiology and clinical presentation of SAE. Recent evidence for SAE pathophysiology is outlined and a diagnostic approach to patients with this syndrome is presented. Lastly, prognosis and management of SAE is discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.