ArticleAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2013
Pathogen recognition in the human female reproductive tract: expression of intracellular cytosolic sensors NOD1, NOD2, RIG-1, and MDA5 and response to HIV-1 and Neisseria gonorrhea.
Article in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) proteins in HIV infection: innate antiviral immunity, viral persistence, and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Beyond the Barrier: Epithelial Cells as Immune Sentinels in the Female Genital Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Innate Immunity and Microbial Recognition in Reproduction: From Barrier Defense to Maternal-Fetal Tolerance.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Innate Immune Protection Against HIV in the Female Genital Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Endometrial responses to bacterial and viral infection: a scoping review.Human reproduction update · 2023Article
- Article
- Interactions between microbiota and cervical epithelial, immune, and mucus barrier.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- The AmiC/NlpD Pathway Dominates Peptidoglycan Breakdown in Neisseria meningitidis and Affects Cell Separation, NOD1 Agonist Production, and Infection.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- The Role of Innate Immunity in Natural Elite Controllers of HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Do endometrial immune changes with age prior to menopause compromise fertility in women?Exploration of immunology · 2022Article
- An updated review on the effects of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on the mucosal biology of the female genital tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2021Review
- The impact of aging on innate and adaptive immunity in the human female genital tract.Aging cell · 2021Review
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae uses cellular proteins CXCL10 and IL8 to enhance HIV-1 transmission across cervical mucosa.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2019Article
- The relationship between sex hormones, the vaginal microbiome and immunity in HIV-1 susceptibility in women.Disease models & mechanisms · 2018Review
- Poly (I:C) and LPS induce distinct immune responses by ovarian stromal fibroblasts.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2018Article
- Pathogenesis ofFrontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses Are Ancient Acquired Elements Still Shaping Innate Immune Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- HIV-1-exposed seronegative individuals show alteration in TLR expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine production ex vivo: An innate immune quiescence status?Immunologic research · 2016Article
- The role of sex hormones in immune protection of the female reproductive tract.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2015Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
problemExpression patterns and regulation of cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRR) NOD-1, NOD-2, RIG-1, and MDA5 have not been elucidated in the human female reproductive tract (FRT). METHOD OF STUDY: Primary epithelial cells (EC) isolated from Fallopian tube (FT), endometrium (EM), cervix (Cx), and ectocervix (Ecx) were treated with estradiol, poly(I:C), Neisseria gonorrhea (GC), and HIV-1. PRR mRNA expressions were analyzed by Real-time RT-PCR. Conditioned media were analyzed for IL-8 by ELISA.
resultsEC from all FRT compartments constitutively expressed NOD1, NOD2, RIG-1, and MDA5 with highest levels expressed by FT. Stimulation with poly(I:C) resulted in upregulation of NOD2, RIG-1, and MDA5 in all FRT compartments and correlated with increased secretion of IL-8, whereas estradiol treatment had no effects. Exposure to GC and HIV-1 IIIB but not BaL resulted in selective upregulation of NOD2 and MDA5.
conclusionPRR are expressed throughout the FRT and differentially regulated by poly(I:C), GC and HIV-1.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.