Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22983571›Full record

ReviewJournal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO2012

Evolutionary paths to mammalian cochleae.

Geoffrey A Manley

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Biomechanics of the mandibular middle ear of the cynodontProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
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  8. A parametric blueprint for optimum cochlear outer hair cell design.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023
    Article
  9. Article
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  12. Article
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  14. Cochlear Development; New Tools and Approaches.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022
    Review
  15. Article
  16. How Zebrafish Can Drive the Future of Genetic-based Hearing and Balance Research.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2021
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Geoffrey A ManleyCochlear and Auditory Brainstem Physiology, IBU, Faculty V, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany. geoffrey.manley@uni-oldenburg.de
Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Evolution of the cochlea and high-frequency hearing (>20 kHz; ultrasonic to humans) in mammals has been a subject of research for many years. Recent advances in paleontological techniques, especially the use of micro-CT scans, now provide important new insights that are here reviewed. True mammals arose more than 200 million years (Ma) ago. Of these, three lineages survived into recent geological times. These animals uniquely developed three middle ear ossicles, but these ossicles were not initially freely suspended as in modern mammals. The earliest mammalian cochleae were only about 2 mm long and contained a lagena macula. In the multituberculate and monotreme mammalian lineages, the cochlea remained relatively short and did not coil, even in modern representatives. In the lineage leading to modern therians (placental and marsupial mammals), cochlear coiling did develop, but only after a period of at least 60 Ma. Even Late Jurassic mammals show only a 270 ° cochlear coil and a cochlear canal length of merely 3 mm. Comparisons of modern organisms, mammalian ancestors, and the state of the middle ear strongly suggest that high-frequency hearing (>20 kHz) was not realized until the early Cretaceous (~125 Ma). At that time, therian mammals arose and possessed a fully coiled cochlea. The evolution of modern features of the middle ear and cochlea in the many later lineages of therians was, however, a mosaic and different features arose at different times. In parallel with cochlear structural evolution, prestins in therian mammals evolved into effective components of a new motor system. Ultrasonic hearing developed quite late-the earliest bat cochleae (~60 Ma) did not show features characteristic of those of modern bats that are sensitive to high ultrasonic frequencies.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionAnimalsAnion Transport ProteinsCochleaHearingHumansMammalsSulfate TransportersAnion Transport ProteinsSLC26A5 protein, humanSulfate Transporters

Identifiers

PMID22983571
PMCPMC3505590
OpenAlexW1974349187

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.