ReviewFrontiers in neuroendocrinology2012
The immune system and developmental programming of brain and behavior.
Review in Frontiers in neuroendocrinology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 306 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
306 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- A systematic review of molecular approaches that link mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Pooled it
- Sickness and the Social Brain: Love in the Time of COVID.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of two high-risk prospective cohort studies reveals autism-specific transcriptional changes to chromatin, autoimmune, and environmental response genes in umbilical cord blood.Molecular autism · 2019Pooled it
- Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2018Pooled it
- Brain viral reservoir seeding and neurological metabolic dysregulation in early-life immunodeficiency virus infection.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immune and Autoimmune Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Linking Molecular Pathways to Neuropsychological Trajectories Across the Lifespan.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Bioactive dietary polyphenols modulate hippocampal inflammasome activation and sex-specific affective behavioral deficits following peripheral Foxp3Research square · 2026Article
- Exploratory Biological Correlates of Cognitive and Language Performance in Healthy Pubertal Children: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Haematological Inflammatory Indices in Preschoolers With Developmental Language Disorder: The Role of the Systemic Inflammation Response Index.International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Maternal and neonatal cytokine profiles in a twin cohort: evidence from an exploratory pilot study of perinatal immune dysregulation in autism.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Disruption of Reelin signaling in a dual-hit mouse model of schizophrenia: impact of postnatal Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure in a maternal immune activation model.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prenatal stress alters offspring neurovascular, autonomic, and immune development in animal models of neuropsychiatric and cardiometabolic disorders.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Exploring offspring behaviour after prenatal COVID-19 vaccination in mice.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Protective effects of enteral acetate supplementation against brain injury in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Role of Mast Cells and Neuroinflammation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders of the Developmental Period.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Impacts of prenatal resiquimod exposure during late gestation on rat offspring development and behavior.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2026Article
- Cocaine Use Disorder: Neuropathology and Exploratory Treatments.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Unveiling the viral dimension: The paediatric gut virome as a key modulator of gastrointestinal metabolic, and neurodevelopmental health.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Tamoxifen as a Therapeutic Intervention for Neurobehavioral Deficits in a Propionic Acid-Induced Autism Model via Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
246 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The brain, endocrine, and immune systems are inextricably linked. Immune molecules have a powerful impact on neuroendocrine function, including hormone-behavior interactions, during health as well as sickness. Similarly, alterations in hormones, such as during stress, can powerfully impact immune function or reactivity. These functional shifts are evolved, adaptive responses that organize changes in behavior and mobilize immune resources, but can also lead to pathology or exacerbate disease if prolonged or exaggerated. The developing brain in particular is exquisitely sensitive to both endogenous and exogenous signals, and increasing evidence suggests the immune system has a critical role in brain development and associated behavioral outcomes for the life of the individual. Indeed, there are associations between many neuropsychiatric disorders and immune dysfunction, with a distinct etiology in neurodevelopment. The goal of this review is to describe the important role of the immune system during brain development, and to discuss some of the many ways in which immune activation during early brain development can affect the later-life outcomes of neural function, immune function, mood and cognition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.