ReviewJournal of biotechnology2012
The future of human DNA vaccines.
Review in Journal of biotechnology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Controlling timing and location in vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Preclinical and Clinical Demonstration of Immunogenicity by mRNA Vaccines against H10N8 and H7N9 Influenza Viruses.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy of Plasmid DNA Delivery into Mice by Intradermal Injections Alone and Facilitated by Sonoporation or Electroporation.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Development of RALA-Based Mannosylated Nanocarriers for Targeted Delivery of Minicircle DNA Vaccines Encoding HPV-16 Oncogenes.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Chitosan nanoparticles as next-generation carriers for veterinary DNA vaccines: Mechanisms, immune responses, and translational prospects.Veterinary world · 2025Review
- Current status and future prospects ofVeterinary and animal science · 2024Review
- Nanoparticles and Antiviral Vaccines.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Pathophysiological Aspects and Therapeutic Armamentarium of Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Trends and Future Development.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- NSP4 as adjuvant for immunogenicity and design of effective therapeutic HPV16 E6/E7/L1 DNA vaccine in tumor-bearing and healthy C57BL/6 mice.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- Review
- Protective Immunity againstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Nucleic acid-based vaccine platforms against the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- Non-antibiotic prevention and treatment againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Evaluation of immunogenicity-induced DNA vaccines against different SARS-CoV-2 variants.PloS one · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Clinical Evidence and Future Perspectives.Cancers · 2022Review
- Regulatory Considerations on the Development of mRNA Vaccines.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2022Article
- Vaccines as a Strategy to Control Trichinellosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Therapeutic vaccines for breast cancer: Has the time finally come?European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2022Review
- Advances inVaccines · 2021Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
DNA vaccines have evolved greatly over the last 20 years since their invention, but have yet to become a competitive alternative to conventional protein or carbohydrate based human vaccines. Whilst safety concerns were an initial barrier, the Achilles heel of DNA vaccines remains their poor immunogenicity when compared to protein vaccines. A wide variety of strategies have been developed to optimize DNA vaccine immunogenicity, including codon optimization, genetic adjuvants, electroporation and sophisticated prime-boost regimens, with each of these methods having its advantages and limitations. Whilst each of these methods has contributed to incremental improvements in DNA vaccine efficacy, more is still needed if human DNA vaccines are to succeed commercially. This review foresees a final breakthrough in human DNA vaccines will come from application of the latest cutting-edge technologies, including "epigenetics" and "omics" approaches, alongside traditional techniques to improve immunogenicity such as adjuvants and electroporation, thereby overcoming the current limitations of DNA vaccines in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.