ArticleGlobal journal of health science2012
Tobacco smoking: patterns, health consequences for adults, and the long-term health of the offspring.
Article in Global journal of health science, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for recruiting smokers into cessation programmes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Addiction and Therapeutic Strategies for Smoking Cessation.Biology · 2026Review
- Determinants of tobacco use among men aged 15 to 59 in Sub Sahara Africa: a multilevel mixed effect logistic regression analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Exploring explainable machine learning algorithms to model predictors of tobacco use among men in Sub Sahara Africa between 2018 and 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The economic burden of smoking in Belgium: incremental healthcare costs and lost productivity.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Pharmacotherapy for obesity: are we ready to select, tailor and combine pharmacotherapy to achieve more ambitious goals?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Article
- Prevalence of and factors associated with tobacco smoking in the Gambia: a national cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Development of stroke predictive model in community-dwelling population: A longitudinal cohort study in Southeast China.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- A direct adverse effect of smoking.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2021Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with tobacco use among men in India: findings from a nationally representative data.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Effects of smoking and physical exercise on respiratory function test results in students of university: A cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2019Observational
- Determinants of cigarette smoking and smoking intensity among adult males in Ghana.BMC public health · 2018Article
- Effects of Social Attitude Change on Smoking Heritability.Behavior genetics · 2018Article
- Smoking during pregnancy: a difficult problem to face. Results of a French multi-center study.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2016Review
- Assessment of health level and socio-economic characteristics of people working in the shipbuilding industry: a control group study.Global journal of health science · 2014Article
- Patients' and healthcare professionals' views on a specialist smoking cessation service delivered in a United Kingdom hospital: a qualitative study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2014Article
- A practical approach to radiological evaluation of CT lung cancer screening examinations.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2013Review
- Early life influences on the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tobacco use started several centuries ago and increased markedly after the invention of the cigarette making machine. Once people start smoking they find it difficult to quit the habit. This is due to the addictive effect of nicotine in tobacco smoke. Various epidemiologic and laboratory studies clearly showed that smoking is associated with various diseases such as heart diseases, asthma and emphysema and the associated increase in morbidity and mortality of smokers. Several studies implicate nicotine as the causative factor in tobacco smoke. Apart from nicotine, various carcinogens also occur in tobacco smoke resulting in an increase in the incidence of cancer in smokers. While the smoking habit is decreasing in developed countries, tobacco use increases in the developing countries. Smoking prevalence is also highest in poor communities and amongst those with low education levels. It is important to note that, although ther is a decline in the number of smokers in the developed countries, there is a three to four decades lag between the peak in smoking prevalence and the subsequent peak in smoking related mortality. It has been shown that maternal smoking induces respiratory diseases in the offspring. There is also evidence that parental smoking may program the offspring to develop certain diseases later in life. Various studies showed that maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation via tobacco smoke of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), program the offspring to develop compromised lung structure later in life with the consequent compromised lung function. This implies that NRT is not an option to assist pregnant or lactating smokers to quit the habit. Even paternal smoking may have an adverse effect on the health of the offspring since it has been shown that 2nd and 3rd hand smoking have adverse health consequences for those exposed to it.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.