ArticlePlant physiology2012
Effects of reduced chloroplast gene copy number on chloroplast gene expression in maize.
Article in Plant physiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conserved DNA architect couples chloroplast development to cell cycle in developing cotyledons.Nature plants · 2026Article
- Identification of a Chlorophyll-Deficient Mutant in Maize Associated with Exogenous Vector Insertion.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A single nucleotide mutation ofHorticulture research · 2026Article
- Large DNA and protein language models enhance discovery of deleterious mutations in maize.Genome biology · 2025Article
- The maizePlant direct · 2024Article
- Cellular and transcriptomic analyses reveal two-staged chloroplast biogenesis underpinning photosynthesis build-up in the wheat leaf.Genome biology · 2021Article
- Replication and partitioning of the apicoplast genome of Toxoplasma gondii is linked to the cell cycle and requires DNA polymerase and gyrase.International journal for parasitology · 2021Article
- Construction of a highly error-prone DNA polymerase for developing organelle mutation systems.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
- The Chloroplast RNA Binding Protein CP31A Has a Preference for mRNAs Encoding the Subunits of the Chloroplast NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase Complex and Is Required for Their Accumulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Retrograde signalling in a virescent mutant triggers an anterograde delay of chloroplast biogenesis that requires GUN1 and is essential for survival.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020Article
- Combining next-generation sequencing and progeny testing for rapid identification of induced recessive and dominant mutations in maize MThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2019Article
- Plant DNA Polymerases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Plant Organelle Genome Replication.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Arabidopsis thaliana organelles mimic the T7 phage DNA replisome with specific interactions between Twinkle protein and DNA polymerases Pol1A and Pol1B.BMC plant biology · 2019Article
- Highly Resolved Systems Biology to Dissect the Etioplast-to-Chloroplast Transition in Tobacco Leaves.Plant physiology · 2019Article
- Organelle DNA contents and starch accumulation in potato tubers.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2019Article
- Efficient Replication of the Plastid Genome Requires an Organellar Thymidine Kinase.Plant physiology · 2018Article
- Chloroplast Translation: Structural and Functional Organization, Operational Control, and Regulation.The Plant cell · 2018Review
- Plant organellar DNA polymerases are replicative and translesion DNA synthesis polymerases.Nucleic acids research · 2017Article
- Dynamics of Chloroplast Translation during Chloroplast Differentiation in Maize.PLoS genetics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chloroplasts and other members of the plastid organelle family contain a small genome of bacterial ancestry. Young chloroplasts contain hundreds of genome copies, but the functional significance of this high genome copy number has been unclear. We describe molecular phenotypes associated with mutations in a nuclear gene in maize (Zea mays), white2 (w2), encoding a predicted organellar DNA polymerase. Weak and strong mutant alleles cause a moderate (approximately 5-fold) and severe (approximately 100-fold) decrease in plastid DNA copy number, respectively, as assayed by quantitative PCR and Southern-blot hybridization of leaf DNA. Both alleles condition a decrease in most chloroplast RNAs, with the magnitude of the RNA deficiencies roughly paralleling that of the DNA deficiency. However, some RNAs are more sensitive to a decrease in genome copy number than others. The rpoB messenger RNA (mRNA) exhibited a unique response, accumulating to dramatically elevated levels in response to a moderate reduction in plastid DNA. Subunits of photosynthetic enzyme complexes were reduced more severely than were plastid mRNAs, possibly because of impaired translation resulting from limiting ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal protein mRNA. These results indicate that chloroplast genome copy number is a limiting factor for the expression of a subset of chloroplast genes in maize. Whereas in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) a pair of orthologous genes function redundantly to catalyze DNA replication in both mitochondria and chloroplasts, the w2 gene is responsible for virtually all chloroplast DNA replication in maize. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was reduced approximately 2-fold in mutants harboring strong w2 alleles, suggesting that w2 also contributes to mitochondrial DNA replication.
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