Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22976615›Full record

SynthesisNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2012

The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review.

Erik G Willcutt

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06146595 (Prevalence Study of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Comorbidities Among a Sample of Primary School Students in New Valley Governorate), which is not on this map. Cited by 840 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
840citing papers in PubMed, 16 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06146595 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Prevalence Study of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Comorbidities Among a Sample of Primary School Students in New Valley Governorate

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorAssiut UniversityRan2024 to 2025Enrolled200ConditionsADHD
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

840 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  8. Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): systematic review and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2024
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780 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Erik G WillcuttDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. erik.willcutt@colorado.edu

Funding

VALIDITY OF SUBTYPES OF ADHDP50HD027802 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI ERIK G WILLCUTT · 1990 to 2026
$44.9M
Proj 5: Early Development (224-250)P50MH079485 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI O'REILLY, RANDALL CHARLES · 2008 to 2012
$8.7M
Neural Substrates of Executive Function: An fMRI Twin StudyR01MH063207 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI FRIEDMAN, NAOMI P. · 2001 to 2018
$6.5M
Etiology and Neuropsychology of Math, Reading, ADHD, and their CovariationR01HD068728 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI PETRILL, STEPHEN A., WILLCUTT, ERIK G · 2011 to 2015
$3.0M
Etiology of Reading Disabilities and Comorbid ADHDR01HD047264 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI WILLCUTT, ERIK G · 2005 to 2009
$2.7M
Multilevel Analysis of Self-regulation and Substance AbuseR01DA024002 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI ITO, TIFFANY A · 2009 to 2013
$2.6M
Neurobiological Underpinnings of Math and Reading Comorbidity: A Twin StudyR24HD075460 · NICHD · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI PETRILL, STEPHEN A. · 2012 to 2015
$2.4M
Validity of DSM-IV ADHD Subtypes in a Community SampleR01MH063941 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI WILLCUTT, ERIK G · 2001 to 2005
$1.7M
Brain Mapping and Genetics of Executive Function in ADHDR01MH070037 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI BANICH, MARIE T · 2004 to 2008
$1.6M
DSM-IV ADHD IN AN ETHNICALLY DIVERSE COMMUNITY SAMPLER01MH062120 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI WILLCUTT, ERIK G · 2000 to 2004
$1.6M
NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD027802NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD 27802NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD047264NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD068728NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD 47264NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD 68728NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD075460NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA024002NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA 24002NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH079485NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH 79485NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH062120NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH063207NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH063941NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH070037NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH 62120NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH 63207NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH 63941
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This article describes a comprehensive meta-analysis that was conducted to estimate the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). A systematic literature review identified 86 studies of children and adolescents (N = 163,688 individuals) and 11 studies of adults (N = 14,112 individuals) that met inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, more than half of which were published after the only previous meta-analysis of the prevalence of ADHD was completed. Although prevalence estimates reported by individual studies varied widely, pooled results suggest that the prevalence of DSM-IV ADHD is similar, whether ADHD is defined by parent ratings, teacher ratings, or a best estimate diagnostic procedure in children and adolescents (5.9-7.1 %), or by self-report measures in young adults (5.0 %). Analyses of diagnostic subtypes indicated that the predominantly inattentive type is the most common subtype in the population, but individuals with the combined type are more likely to be referred for clinical services. Additional research is needed to determine the etiology of the higher prevalence of ADHD in males than females and to clarify whether the prevalence of ADHD varies as a function of socioeconomic status or ethnicity. Finally, there were no significant prevalent differences between countries or regions of the world after controlling for differences in the diagnostic algorithms used to define ADHD. These results provide important support for the diagnostic validity of ADHD, and argue against the hypothesis that ADHD is a cultural construct that is restricted to the United States or any other specific culture.

Indexed as

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersAlgorithmsAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityDatabases, FactualHumansPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID22976615
PMCPMC3441936

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.