ArticleLab on a chip2012
Formation and optogenetic control of engineered 3D skeletal muscle bioactuators.
Article in Lab on a chip, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering anisotropic tissues: from structured scaffolds to magnetic actuation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Physiological and functional characterization for high-throughput optogenetic skeletal muscle exercise assays.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Biohybrid Robots with Embedded Conductive Fibers for Actuation, Sensing, and Closed-loop Control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanical gating of tendon fibrogenic transcription in systemic sclerosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Magnetic Bioprinting and Actuation of Stretchable Muscle Tissue.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Neural Cues and Genomic Clues: NGS Insights into Neurogenic Sarcopenia and Muscle Atrophy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Morphological, Behavioral, and Transcriptomic Life Cycle of Anthrobots.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Tetanus-driven biohybrid multijoint robots powered by muscle rings with enhanced contractile force.Science advances · 2025Article
- Development of an electrical current stimulator for controlling biohybrid machines.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Engineered 3D Kidney Glomerular Microtissues to Model Podocyte-Centric Diseases for the Validation of New Drug Targets.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Designer mammalian living materials through genetic engineering.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Advancing biohybrid robotics: Innovations in contraction models, control techniques, and applications.Biophysics reviews · 2025Review
- Microfluidic technology for cell biology-related applications: a review.Journal of biological physics · 2024Review
- Motile Living Biobots Self-Construct from Adult Human Somatic Progenitor Seed Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Article
- Highly contractile 3D tissue engineered skeletal muscles from human iPSCs reveal similarities with primary myoblast-derived tissues.Stem cell reports · 2023Article
- Biohybrid Soft Robots Powered by Myocyte: Current Progress and Future Perspectives.Micromachines · 2023Review
- Biological Robots: Perspectives on an Emerging Interdisciplinary Field.Soft robotics · 2023Article
- Soft Perfusable Device to Culture Skeletal Muscle 3D Constructs in Air.ACS applied bio materials · 2023Article
- Light-triggered cardiac microphysiological model.APL bioengineering · 2023Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Densely arrayed skeletal myotubes are activated individually and as a group using precise optical stimulation with high spatiotemporal resolution. Skeletal muscle myoblasts are genetically encoded to express a light-activated cation channel, Channelrhodopsin-2, which allows for spatiotemporal coordination of a multitude of skeletal myotubes that contract in response to pulsed blue light. Furthermore, ensembles of mature, functional 3D muscle microtissues have been formed from the optogenetically encoded myoblasts using a high-throughput device. The device, called "skeletal muscle on a chip", not only provides the myoblasts with controlled stress and constraints necessary for muscle alignment, fusion and maturation, but also facilitates the measurement of forces and characterization of the muscle tissue. We measured the specific static and dynamic stresses generated by the microtissues and characterized the morphology and alignment of the myotubes within the constructs. The device allows testing of the effect of a wide range of parameters (cell source, matrix composition, microtissue geometry, auxotonic load, growth factors and exercise) on the maturation, structure and function of the engineered muscle tissues in a combinatorial manner. Our studies integrate tools from optogenetics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology with skeletal muscle tissue engineering to open up opportunities to generate soft robots actuated by a multitude of spatiotemporally coordinated 3D skeletal muscle microtissues.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.