ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2012
Racial disparity in fracture risk between white and nonwhite children in the United States.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The National Osteoporosis Foundation's position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016Pooled it
- Fracture Incidence With 6-9 Years of Daily School Physical Activity: Lower Relative Fracture Risk at the End of the Intervention But Not After.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- Low bone mineral density and pain impact in adults with sickle cell disease.Blood advances · 2026Article
- The gSOS polygenic score is associated with bone density and fracture risk in childhood.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2025Article
- Incidence and determinants of fracture risk in 8,348 Mongolian schoolchildren: secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Bone mineral density in young adults 5 to 11 years after adolescent metabolic and bariatric surgery for severe obesity compared to peers.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- Article
- Endocrine Health and Health Care Disparities in the Pediatric and Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Levels of Physical Activity in Children with Extremity Fractures a Dutch Observational Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Bone Mineral Density and Current Bone Health Screening Practices in Friedreich's Ataxia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- The Polygenic and Monogenic Basis of Paediatric Fractures.Current osteoporosis reports · 2021Review
- Obstructive sleep apnea and fractures in children and adolescents.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2021Article
- Serum Levels of Vitamin D in Children with or without Isolated Distal Radius Fractures: A Prospective Clinical Study.Revista brasileira de ortopedia · 2021Article
- Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Management of Bone Stress Injuries in Adolescent Athletes: A Narrative Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Race and Ethnicity Predict Bone Markers and Fracture in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2021Article
- Genetic ancestry and skeletal toxicities among childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients in the DFCI 05-001 cohort.Blood advances · 2021Article
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone densitometry in pediatrics: a practical review and update.Pediatric radiology · 2021Review
- Racial differences in lumbar marrow adipose tissue and volumetric bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults with obesity.Bone reports · 2020Article
- Preschool Obesity Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Childhood Fracture: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of 466,997 Children and Up to 11 Years of Follow-up in Catalonia, Spain.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2020Article
- Consumption of Cow's Milk in Early Childhood and Fracture Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo examine risk factors for fracture in a racially diverse cohort of healthy children in the US. STUDY
designA total of 1470 healthy children, aged 6-17 years, underwent yearly evaluations of height, weight, body mass index, skeletal age, sexual maturation, calcium intake, physical activity levels, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone and fat measurements for up to 6 years. Fracture information was obtained at each annual visit, and risk factors for fracture were examined using the time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model.
resultsThe overall fracture incidence was 0.034 fracture per person-year with 212 children reporting a total of 257 fractures. Being white (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.1), being male (HR = 1.8), and having skeletal age of 10-14 years (HR = 2.2) were the strongest risk factors for fracture (all P ≤ .001). Increased sports participation (HR = 1.4), lower body fat percentage (HR = 0.97), and previous fracture in white girls (HR = 2.1) were also significant risk factors (all P ≤ .04). Overall, fracture risk decreased with higher DXA z scores, except in white boys, who had increased fracture risk with higher DXA z scores (HR = 1.7, P < .001).
conclusionsBoys and girls of European descent had double the fracture risk of children from other backgrounds, suggesting that the genetic predisposition to fractures seen in elderly adults also manifests in children.
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