ArticleClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR2012
Cost of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Italy, 2007-2009: effective and expensive, are the new drugs worthwhile?
Article in ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- How has the cost of antiretroviral therapy changed over the years? A database analysis in Italy.BMC health services research · 2018Observational
- Use of Audiometric Measurement for Assessment of Vocal-Fold Function in Postextubation Infants.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2017Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of dolutegravir plus backbone compared with raltegravir plus backbone, darunavir+ritonavir plus backbone and efavirenz/tenofovir/emtricitabine in treatment naïve and experienced HIV-positive patients.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2017Article
- The burden of chronic diseases and cost-of-care in subjects with HIV infection in a Health District of Northern Italy over a 12-year period compared to that of the general population.BMC public health · 2016Article
- New Highly Active Antiretroviral drugs and generic drugs for the treatment of HIV infection: a budget impact analysis on the Italian National Health Service (Lombardy Region, Northern Italy).BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of HIV-infected patients starting first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy during 6 years of observation.Patient related outcome measures · 2015Article
- Cost of HAART in Italy: multicentric evaluation and determinants from a large HIV outpatient cohort.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2015Article
- Cost analysis of initial highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens for managing human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients according to clinical practice in a hospital setting.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2014Article
- Economic evaluation of initial antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected patients: an update of Italian guidelines.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2013Review
- Triple-combination rilpivirine, emtricitabine, and tenofovir (Complera™/Eviplera™) in the treatment of HIV infection.Patient preference and adherence · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn recent years, the increased efficacy and effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment has led to longer survival of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but has also raised the question of what happens to consumption of resources. Early highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection, and expensive newly marketed drugs may affect the economic sustainability of treatment from the point of view of the National Healthcare Services. The present study aimed to provide information on the economic burden of HIV-positive patients resident in the Lombardy region using a three-year time horizon.
methodsThis was a retrospective, observational, budget impact study, based on information collected for the period 2007-2009, including hospitalizations, outpatient services, and HAART and non-HAART drug utilization. Patients with confirmed HIV infection, aged ≥ 18 years, resident in the Lombardy region, and followed at the "L Sacco" Hospital in Milan from 2007 to 2009 were eligible.
resultsA total of 483 patients (mean age 44.1 years) were included in the study. The mean CD4+ cell count increased over the study period from 462 ± 242 cells/mm(3) in 2007, to 513 ± 267 cells/mm(3) in 2008, to 547 ± 262 cells/mm(3) in 2009. In total, 162 subjects (33.5%) were coinfected with HCV. Hospitalizations and HAART costs increased from 2007 to 2009, whereas outpatient visits and non-HAART drug costs decreased slightly over time. The total cost increase was also significant when limiting the analysis to experienced patients, HCV-negative patients, and experienced HCV-negative patients.
conclusionCD4+ cell count, a major predictor of costs, increased over the study period. However, immunological improvement was achieved by greater expense in the short term. Whether this may be compensated by a long-term decrease in opportunistic infections and in the costs of management of HIV-related events is an area still to be investigated.
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