ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2012
Decreased bacteria activity on Si₃N₄ surfaces compared with PEEK or titanium.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Porous silicon nitride spacers versus PEEK cages for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: clinical and radiological results of a single-blinded randomized controlled trial.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2017Trial
- The SNAP trial: a double blind multi-center randomized controlled trial of a silicon nitride versus a PEEK cage in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in patients with symptomatic degenerative lumbar disc disorders: study protocol.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2014Trial
- Silicon Nitride Coatings on Titanium for Cardiovascular Applications: Interface Engineering, Hemocompatibility, and Translational Challenges.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Silicon Nitride Bioceramics with TiC Additives: Excellent Mechanical Properties, Cytocompatibility, and Antibacterial Properties.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Section on innovative spine research and novel technologies: fusion cage design, materials, and coatings: Science versus hype.North American Spine Society journal · 2025Article
- Hybrid-manufactured silicon nitride coated CFR-PEKK: A candidate biomaterial for trauma plate applications?Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2025Article
- Organic particle scavenging by marine bacteria: influences of bacterial nanoscale surface properties.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Biological Activity of Silicon Nitride Ceramics: A Critical Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effect of Silicon Nitride Coating on Titanium Surface: Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Properties.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Biomaterials science and surface engineering strategies for dental peri-implantitis management.Military Medical Research · 2024Review
- Applying the Alkali-Activation Method to Encapsulate Silicon Nitride Particles in a Bioactive Matrix for Augmented Strength and Bioactivity.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of surface energy and surface stability and adherence ofDental research journal · 2024Article
- Exploring the mechanical strength, antimicrobial performance, and bioactivity of 3D-printed silicon nitride-PEEK composites in cervical spinal cages.International journal of bioprinting · 2024Article
- Silicon Nitride Bioceramics Sintered by Microwave Exhibit Excellent Mechanical Properties, CytocompatibilityJournal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- Antibacterial properties of antimicrobial peptide HHC36 modified polyetheretherketone.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Antibacterial and Proliferative Effects of NaOH-Coated Titanium, Zirconia, and Ceramic-Reinforced PEEK Dental Composites on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- The SNAP Trial: 2-Year Results of a Double-Blind Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of a Silicon Nitride Versus a PEEK Cage in Patients After Lumbar Fusion Surgery.Global spine journal · 2022Article
- Bioactive Silicon Nitride Implant Surfaces with Maintained Antibacterial Properties.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2022Article
- A Novel Antipathogenic Agent for Nonwoven Fabric.Biomedical materials & devices (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Silicon Nitride as a Biomedical Material: An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A significant need exists for orthopedic implants that can intrinsically resist bacterial colonization. In this study, three biomaterials that are used in spinal implants--titanium (Ti), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), and silicon nitride (Si₃N₄)--were tested to understand their respective susceptibility to bacterial infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphlococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus. Specifically, the surface chemistry, wettability, and nanostructured topography of respective biomaterials, and the effects on bacterial biofilm formation, colonization, and growth were investigated. Ti and PEEK were received with as-machined surfaces; both materials are hydrophobic, with net negative surface charges. Two surface finishes of Si₃N₄ were examined: as-fired and polished. In contrast to Ti and PEEK, the surface of Si₃N₄ is hydrophilic, with a net positive charge. A decreased biofilm formation was found, as well as fewer live bacteria on both the as-fired and polished Si₃N₄. These differences may reflect differential surface chemistry and surface nanostructure properties between the biomaterials tested. Because protein adsorption on material surfaces affects bacterial adhesion, the adsorption of fibronectin, vitronectin, and laminin on Ti, PEEK, and Si₃N₄ were also examined. Significantly greater amounts of these proteins adhered to Si₃N₄ than to Ti or PEEK. The findings of this study suggest that surface properties of biomaterials lead to differential adsorption of physiologic proteins, and that this phenomenon could explain the observed in-vitro differences in bacterial affinity for the respective biomaterials. Intrinsic biomaterial properties as they relate to resistance to bacterial colonization may reflect a novel strategy toward designing future orthopedic implants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.