ArticleScience translational medicine2012
Anthrax vaccine-induced antibodies provide cross-species prediction of survival to aerosol challenge.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Importance of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Animal Studies: Challenges for Animal-to-Human Translation.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2020Pooled it
- Use of Anthrax Vaccine in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2019.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2019Guideline
- Trial
- Trial
- Evaluation of immunogenicity and efficacy of anthrax vaccine adsorbed for postexposure prophylaxis.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2013Trial
- Humoral Immune Correlates Analysis of Four Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus Macaques.Research square · 2026Article
- Article
- A Lyophilizable Nanoparticle Anthrax Vaccine Targeting the Loop-Neutralizing Determinant in Protective Antigen fromMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Predicting Efficacy of a Purified Inactivated Zika Virus Vaccine in Flavivirus-Naïve Humans Using an Immunological Correlate of Protection in Non-Human Primates.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Non-human primate to human immunobridging demonstrates a protective effect of Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine against Ebola.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Review
- Vaccine Licensure in the Absence of Human Efficacy Data.Vaccines · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibody levels after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination predict durable protection in rhesus macaques.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Article
- Insufficient Anthrax Lethal Toxin Neutralization Is Associated with Antibody Subclass and Domain Specificity in the Plasma of Anthrax-Vaccinated Individuals.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Nonhuman primate to human immunobridging to infer the protective effect of an Ebola virus vaccine candidate.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Current Status and Trends in Prophylaxis and Management of Anthrax Disease.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Current State of Anthrax Vaccines and Key R&D Gaps Moving Forward.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- TheMicrobiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Single dose of DPX-rPA, an enhanced-delivery anthrax vaccine formulation, protects against a lethalNPJ vaccines · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Because clinical trials to assess the efficacy of vaccines against anthrax are not ethical or feasible, licensure for new anthrax vaccines will likely involve the Food and Drug Administration's "Animal Rule," a set of regulations that allow approval of products based on efficacy data only in animals combined with immunogenicity and safety data in animals and humans. U.S. government-sponsored animal studies have shown anthrax vaccine efficacy in a variety of settings. We examined data from 21 of those studies to determine whether an immunological bridge based on lethal toxin neutralization activity assay (TNA) can predict survival against an inhalation anthrax challenge within and across species and genera. The 21 studies were classified into 11 different settings, each of which had the same animal species, vaccine type and formulation, vaccination schedule, time of TNA measurement, and challenge time. Logistic regression models determined the contribution of vaccine dilution dose and TNA on prediction of survival. For most settings, logistic models using only TNA explained more than 75% of the survival effect of the models with dose additionally included. Cross-species survival predictions using TNA were compared to the actual survival and shown to have good agreement (Cohen's κ ranged from 0.55 to 0.78). In one study design, cynomolgus macaque data predicted 78.6% survival in rhesus macaques (actual survival, 83.0%) and 72.6% in rabbits (actual survival, 64.6%). These data add support for the use of TNA as an immunological bridge between species to extrapolate data in animals to predict anthrax vaccine effectiveness in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.