Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22972841›Full record

ArticleScience translational medicine2012

Extrapolating from animals to humans.

John P A Ioannidis

Abstract readComment
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science translational medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Effects of isotretinoin on bone dynamics in the craniomaxillofacial region: a systematic review of preclinical evidence.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026
    Pooled it
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  3. Animal Models of Choroidal Neovascularization: A Systematic Review.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022
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  6. Importance of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Animal Studies: Challenges for Animal-to-Human Translation.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2020
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5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

John P A IoannidisStanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. jioannid@stanford.edu

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Because of a variety of caveats, the safety and effectiveness of interventions in human subjects can only be speculated from animal studies. Careful synthesis of data from multiple animal studies is needed to begin to assess the likelihood of successful cross-species translation (Fay et al., this issue).

Indexed as

AnimalsAnthraxAnthrax VaccinesAntibodies, BacterialAnthrax VaccinesAntibodies, Bacterial

Identifiers

PMID22972841

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.