ReviewArthritis research & therapy2012
Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia: a case of missing, wandering or ineffective T cells.
Review in Arthritis research & therapy, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus infection with idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia: a case report and review of the literature.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Review
- Article
- Fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Pathogenesis and virulence ofVirulence · 2022Review
- Article
- Expanding mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of idiopathic CD4+ T cell lymphocytopenia.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia: Current Insights.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2020Review
- Hallmarks of primate lentiviral immunodeficiency infection recapitulate loss of innate lymphoid cells.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Disseminated cryptococcosis in HIV negative patient.BMJ case reports · 2018Article
- Article
- Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia: Pathogenesis, etiologies, clinical presentations and treatment strategies.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2017Article
- Clinically HIV but negative serology: Think of idiopathic CD4(+) lymphocytopenia.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2016Article
- T-Cell Depletion in the Colonic Mucosa of Patients With Idiopathic CD4+ Lymphopenia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Article
- SevereJMM case reports · 2014Article
- Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia with giant cell arteritis and pulmonary mucormycosis.Medical mycology case reports · 2014Article
- Cryptococcal rib osteomyelitis as primary and only symptom of idiopathic CD4 penia.Medical mycology case reports · 2014Article
- EBV-driven diffuse large B-cell lymphoma confined to the liver in a patient with a history of idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia.BMJ case reports · 2013Article
- Adult-onset immunodeficiency--why is it important in rheumatology?Arthritis research & therapy · 2013Article
- Idiopathic CD4+T lymphocytopenia: A case report.Journal of postgraduate medicineArticle
- Idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia: A case report.Journal of postgraduate medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) is a presumed heterogenous syndrome with key element low CD4 T-cell counts (below 300/mm³) without evidence of HIV infection or other known immunodeficiency. The etiology, pathogenesis, and management of ICL remain poorly understood and inadequately defined. The clinical presentation can range from serious opportunistic infections to incidentally diagnosed asymptomatic individuals. Cryptococcal and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy are the most significant presenting infections, although the spectrum of opportunistic diseases can be similar to that in patients with lymphopenia and HIV infection. Malignancy is common and related to opportunistic pathogens with an oncogenic potential. Autoimmune diseases are also seen in ICL with an increased incidence. The etiology of ICL is unknown. Mechanisms implicated in CD4 reduction may include decreased production, increased destruction, and tissue sequestration. New distinct genetic defects have been identified in certain patients with ICL, supporting the hypothesis of the lack of a common etiology in this syndrome. The management of ICL is focused on the treatment of opportunistic infections, appropriate prophylactic antibiotics, and close monitoring. In selected patients with life-threatening infections or profound immunodeficiency, strategies to increase T-cell counts or enhance immune function could be considered and have included interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, interleukin-7, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The prognosis is influenced by the accompanying opportunistic infections and may be affected by publication bias of severe cases with unfavorable outcomes. As newer laboratory investigation techniques are being developed and targeted experimental treatments become available, our comprehension and prognosis of this rare syndrome could be significantly improved.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.