Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22970336›Full record

ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2012

A long neglected world malaria map: Plasmodium vivax endemicity in 2010.

Peter W Gething, Iqbal R F Elyazar, Catherine L Moyes, David L Smith, Katherine E Battle, Carlos A Guerra, Anand P Patil, Andrew J Tatem, Rosalind E Howes, Monica F Myers and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 335 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
335citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

335 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  9. Respiratory Complications ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017
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  10. The Vivax Surveyor: Online mapping database for Plasmodium vivax clinical trials.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2017
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  19. Efficacy of Artesunate-mefloquine for Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Malaysia: An Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016
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275 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Peter W GethingSpatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. peter.gething@zoo.ox.ac.uk
Iqbal R F Elyazar
Catherine L Moyes
David L Smith
Katherine E Battle
Carlos A Guerra
Anand P Patil
Andrew J Tatem
Rosalind E Howes
Monica F Myers
Dylan B George
Peter Horby
Heiman F L Wertheim
Ric N Price
Ivo Müeller
J Kevin Baird
Simon I Hay

Funding

Wellcome Trust 085406Wellcome Trust 089276/Z/09/ZWellcome Trust 091625Wellcome Trust 091835Wellcome Trust 095066Wellcome Trust B9RJIXO
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCurrent understanding of the spatial epidemiology and geographical distribution of Plasmodium vivax is far less developed than that for P. falciparum, representing a barrier to rational strategies for control and elimination. Here we present the first systematic effort to map the global endemicity of this hitherto neglected parasite. METHODOLOGY AND

findingsWe first updated to the year 2010 our earlier estimate of the geographical limits of P. vivax transmission. Within areas of stable transmission, an assembly of 9,970 geopositioned P. vivax parasite rate (PvPR) surveys collected from 1985 to 2010 were used with a spatiotemporal Bayesian model-based geostatistical approach to estimate endemicity age-standardised to the 1-99 year age range (PvPR(1-99)) within every 5×5 km resolution grid square. The model incorporated data on Duffy negative phenotype frequency to suppress endemicity predictions, particularly in Africa. Endemicity was predicted within a relatively narrow range throughout the endemic world, with the point estimate rarely exceeding 7% PvPR(1-99). The Americas contributed 22% of the global area at risk of P. vivax transmission, but high endemic areas were generally sparsely populated and the region contributed only 6% of the 2.5 billion people at risk (PAR) globally. In Africa, Duffy negativity meant stable transmission was constrained to Madagascar and parts of the Horn, contributing 3.5% of global PAR. Central Asia was home to 82% of global PAR with important high endemic areas coinciding with dense populations particularly in India and Myanmar. South East Asia contained areas of the highest endemicity in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea and contributed 9% of global PAR. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: This detailed depiction of spatially varying endemicity is intended to contribute to a much-needed paradigm shift towards geographically stratified and evidence-based planning for P. vivax control and elimination.

Indexed as

Endemic DiseasesTopography, MedicalAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolFemaleGlobal HealthHumansInfantMalaria, VivaxMaleMiddle AgedPlasmodium vivax

Identifiers

PMID22970336
PMCPMC3435256

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.